What's the difference between saturated and undersaturated?
Saturated
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Saturate
(a.) Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution, all that is possible; as, saturated garments; a saturated solution of salt.
(a.) Having its affinity satisfied; combined with all it can hold; -- said of certain atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a saturated compound. Contrasted with unsaturated.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, four of ten young adult outer arm (relatively sun-exposed) and one of ten young adult inner arm (relatively sun-protected) fibroblasts lines increased their saturation density in response to retinoic acid.
(2) Arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SaO2) was monitored continuously during normal labour in 33 healthy parturients receiving pethidine and nitrous oxide for analgesia.
(3) The Cao-dependent Na+ efflux was half-maximally activated by [Ca2+]o = 2.0 mM in LiSW and 7.2 mM in Tris-SW; at saturating [Ca2+]o, [Ca2+]i, and [Na+]i the maximal (calculated) Cao-dependent Na+ efflux was approximately 75 pmol#cm2.s.
(4) With fields and fells already saturated after more than four times the average monthly rainfall falling within the first three weeks of December, there was nowhere left to absorb the rainfall which has cascaded from fields into streams and rivers.
(5) They retained the ability to make this discrimination when the coloured stimuli were placed against a background bright enough to saturate the rods.3.
(6) There were few significant differences between high polyunsaturated (safflower oil) and saturated fat (lard) diet groups.
(7) Saturated acyl residues predominated in lysolecithin and unsaturated ones in acids released by hydrolysis of egg lecithin.
(8) Furthermore, in induced Friend cells 100 microM Fe-SIH stimulated 2-14C-glycine incorporation into heme up to 3.6-fold as compared to the incorporation observed with saturating concentrations of Fe-Tf.
(9) The present results using approximately 12% hemoglobin concentration in 0.1 M Bistris buffer at pD 7 and 27 degrees C with and without organic phosphate show that there is no significant line broadening on oxygenation (from 0 to 50% saturation) to affect the determination of the intensities or areas of these resonances.
(10) In air-saturated solutions of DNA, yields of 8-hydroxypurines were not influenced greatly by DNA conformation.
(11) A fiberoptic flow-directed catheter inserted into the hepatic vein continuously measures hepatic venous oxygen hemoglobin saturation (ShvO2).
(12) Partially purified fatty acid synthetase produced saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths of C10 to C18.
(13) A method using selective saturation pulses and gated spin-echo MRI automatically corrects for this motion and thus eliminates misregistration artifact from regional function analysis.
(14) All reported studies have documented small 5 to 10 mm Hg decrements of blood pressure with dietary supplementation with these fatty acids and conversion of the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids toward unity.
(15) The first step is the preparation of a globulin-enriched fraction by precipitation with ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation, or of an immune-complex-enriched fraction by precipitation with 5% polyethylene glycol 6000.
(16) GTP and its analogues decrease the requirement of the reaction for Ca2+ and also increase its activity at saturating Ca2+.
(17) At saturating levels of AMP (greater than or equal 2.0 mM) maximum activation is observed with 25 mM KCl, whereas at lower substrate concentrations (0.2 mM) approximately 50 mM KCl is needed for maximum activation.
(18) The kinetic pattern of changes in hemoglobin saturation, cyt.
(19) The current work utilizes an empirical relationship between HbO2 saturation measurements and reflected light oximetry, which is consistent with the two-flux theory of Kubelka and Munk (Z.
(20) Safety was assessed by clinical follow-up, continuous recording of arterial oxygen saturation during the procedure with a digital oximeter, and measuring FEV1, FEF25-75, and FVC just before and 5 min after bronchoscopy.
Undersaturated
Definition:
(a.) Not fully saturated; imperfectly saturated.
Example Sentences:
(1) Because the F solution was undersaturated with respect to CaF2, the F incorporated into the enamel was believed to be in apatitic form and not as CaF2.
(2) The renal stone samples dissolved more slowly at all undersaturations, exhibited increased kinetic orders of reaction, and showed reduced sensitivity to solution hydrodynamics.
(3) The kinetics of dissolution of powdered bovine enamel and of human enamel, both untreated and extracted with either hypochlorite or chloroform, has been studied using a constant solution composition technique in undersaturated solutions of calcium phosphate (total molar calcium concentration, TCa = 0.3 to 13.1 X 10(-3) mol L-1, total molar phosphate, Tp = 0.18 to 7.9 X 10(-3) mol L-1) at an ionic strength of 0.15 mol L-1, and pH = 4.5.
(4) Detection of bubbles by Doppler ultrasound confirms the potential importance of the phenomenon to shallow saturation diving and holds promise for better quantitification of its effects as well as those of its counterpart, isobaric undersaturation, which can confer a decompression advantage.
(5) A constant composition method has been used to examine the dissolution kinetics of calcium oxalate renal stones over a wide range of undersaturation in vitro.
(6) 56 supersaturated urine specimens and 44 undersaturated specimens were incubated with collagen (Sigma collagen).
(7) However, gallbladder bile from patients with stones composed of 97-100% crystalline cholesterol was on average just saturated with cholesterol when the gallbladder was functioning and undersaturated when it was not.
(8) As a result, pigment-stone patients produced bile undersaturated with cholesterol at a lower bile salt output than cholesterol-stone patients, and thus they would be less likely to produce supersaturated bile during low bile salt output such as that occurring during an overnight fast.
(9) During reabsorption of the bile salt pool from the intestines (stimulated flow), hepatic bile is characteristically undersaturated with cholesterol.
(10) When the liquid phase is undersaturated with respect to fluorapatite no redeposition of mineral lost can occur.
(11) The investigations reported herein demonstrate complete dissolution of human struvite urinary stones during 6 weeks of perfusion in vitro with undersaturated human urine.
(12) Furthermore, instead of being supersaturated, brushite in many urine specimens of GIII was undersaturated and its mean CPR was even significantly less than that of GI (P less than 0.01).
(13) Because the F solution was undersaturated with respect to calcium fluoride (CaF2), the F incorporated into the root is apparently apatitic and not CaF2.
(14) This did not appear to change for 1 cm or 4 cm chamber lengths, but it did change to about 2.2 ms and about 44 ms for over- and undersaturated gas conditions, respectively.
(15) Further stirring changed the composition so that it became undersaturated with both DCPD and OCP and shifted toward, but did not reach, a value so low as to be saturated with hydroxyapatite (OHAp, (Ca5(PO4)3OH).
(16) Supersaturation of the urine with brushite, which was present in 19 of the 22 patients, was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) in all during thiazide therapy, and to the undersaturated range in 16.
(17) Struvite and apatite crystals dissolved in Proteus-infected urine in which undersaturation was maintained by urease inhibition.
(18) In vivo undersaturation of the receptors was observed in all tumors.
(19) During long-term treatment with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine (average dose 1,193 mg. per day) urinary cystine levels were maintained at 350 to 560 mg. per day and urinary cystine was kept at undersaturated levels.
(20) It was concluded that any dissolution of enamel is caused by an undersaturation with respect to enamel apatite.