(n.) A machine formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
(n.) A term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea.
Example Sentences:
(1) The lengths and heights of the scalae tympani in ten pairs of serially sectioned temporal bones were measured by an adaptation of the serial section method of cochlear reconstruction.
(2) When normalized with respect to scala cross-section, the process of tracer movement across the spiral ligament is similar in the basal and third turns.
(3) The threshold functions differ from those observed in patients with scala tympani electrodes, primarily at low sinusoidal frequencies and long pulse widths.
(4) Measurements were obtained from fibers innervating hair cells in both the region of the cochlea that contains a tectorial membrane (tectorial fibers) and the region where hair-cell stereocilia are free-standing in scala media (free-standing fibers).
(5) The electrodes can be implanted in bundles through the round window or into the modiolus; they can, however, also be introduced individually through several drill holes in the promontory for placement in the scala tympani and vestibuli.
(6) In this respect, round-window and scala tympani stimulation sites are equally efficacious.
(7) The derived excitation for IHCs located at more apical locations (BFs large in relation to stimulus frequency) corresponds approximately to peak velocity of the basilar membrane toward scala vestibuli.
(8) Only the scala tympani compartment of the basal cochlear turn remained patent.
(9) The results suggest that under physiological conditions the CSF also flows through the cochleae aqueduct and the protein concentration in the Scala tympani decreases especially in the basal winding.
(10) As a small group of Abbado's relatives, including two of his children, looked on, Barenboim, La Scala's current music director, appeared quietly moved as the commemorative performance ended after about 20 minutes to dignified applause from the piazza.
(11) Multielectrode, scala tympani, and modiolar systems were implanted; in some cases, neomycin was perfused into the cochlea to destroy the organ of Corti at the time of implantation.
(12) For simultaneous measurements of pO2, cochlea microphonics (CM) and compound action potentials of the auditory nerve (CAP), we used the thin 0.5 microns microcoaxial needle electrode described by Baumgaertl and Luebbers, which was placed through the roundwindow membrane into the scala tympani to a depth of 1000 microns.
(13) The EP is the positive polarization of the middle compartment of the cochlea (scala media) with respect to the other compartments (the scalae tympani and vestibuli); the stria vascularis is apparently responsible for the EP.
(14) The decrease in K+ activity in the scala media relative to the EP reduction produced by vasopressin was not significantly different from that by perilymphatic perfusion with furosemide.
(15) The endocochlear potential (EP) in the pigeon ear was altered by injecting current into the scala media.
(16) Large capillaries, which ran freely suspended in scala vestibuli, entered the upper portion of the stria.
(17) Several (auditory and non-auditory) units with irregular discharge were excited during a basilar membrane displacement towards scala vestibuli whereas a basilar membrane motion towards scala tympani resulted in a decrease of the discharge rate.
(18) Tetraethylammonium chloride, which is believed to decrease potassium conductance, and tetrodotoxin, which apparently decreases sodium conductance in nerve fibers, were introduced iontophoretically into the organ of Corti or the scala media of guinea pig cochlea.
(19) Endotoxin of E coli was microperfused into scala tympani or injected into the cerebrospinal fluid in anaesthetised pigmented guinea pigs.
(20) However, only recently have we succeeded in developing a sampling technique which is capable of providing amino acid levels in scala tympani which are representative of the in vivo situation under physiological circumstances.
Scalar
Definition:
(n.) In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude, but not direction; -- distinguished from a vector, which has both magnitude and direction.
Example Sentences:
(1) Scalar electrocardiograms contain a great deal of vectorial data.
(2) The cumulative radiation effect (CRE) is one of several empirical scalar descriptions of biological effect which enable corrections to be made for gaps in radiotherapy treatment.
(3) Light scatter from epithelial cells in a slit-scan flow system is modeled using the Fraunhofer condition of scalar diffraction theory.
(4) The mechanical response is shown in terms of displacements, principal strains, and a new measure called the 'mechanical intensity scalar'.
(5) The waveform analysis employed by the program considers the vectorcardiogram as a three dimensional entity rather than as scalar or planar representations.
(6) Scalar couplings from correlated experiments and interproton distances from NOESY experiments at short mixing times have been used to determine glycosidic angles, sugar puckers, and other conformational features.
(7) A positive R wave in lead aVR of the scalar ECG and poor R wave progression in the precordial leads were more common in Group A than in Group B (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively).
(8) There was no statistically significant difference between the means of the measured values of the polarcardiogram and of the corresponding polar components calculated from the three scalar ECG concerning all twenty items, namely spatial magnitude, magnitudes in each plane, each longitude and latitude at the time of the spatial maximum QRS and T vectors, except alpha-longitude.
(9) Some commonly used parametric and non-parametric statistical procedures (such as Students t-test, linear regression, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests) illustrate the use of scalars.
(10) Two-dimensional scalar correlated spectroscopy (COSY), two-dimensional dipolar correlated spectroscopy (NOESY) and two-dimensional relayed coherance transfer spectroscopy (RCT) experiments were recorded, allowing most resonances arising from the aromatic and methyl-containing residues to be assigned in the spectrum.
(11) The patients were followed up serially by means of scalar electrocardiograms and 24 hour Holter monitoring studies.
(12) Since 1979 the quality control design proposed by the Italian ad hoc Committee has evaluated several lyophilized preparations with scalar receptor content; this permits the identification by linear regression analysis of systematic and non systematic errors.
(13) The 1H-1H scalar coupling observed in both the 2H and 1H NMR spectra was used to assign definitively the resonances of labeled species.
(14) In the 32 postinfarction patients the "P-terminal force" was also measured from lead V1 of the scalar electrocardiogram.
(15) This in turn causes the transverse relaxation rate for the 199Hg spin-coupled methyl protons to be fast due to efficient relaxation by another mechanism, scalar relaxation of the second kind.
(16) We report our experience of the use of a scalar type incision associated with a total skin graft in the treatment of recurrences of Dupuytren's contracture.
(17) From this comparison, we conclude that scalar exchange does not make a significant contribution to the spin-lattice relaxation of YD.
(18) A penalty function for scalar coupling constants has been applied in molecular dynamics simulations as an experimental constraint.
(19) The observation of a splitting of the PCr 31P resonance in aqueous solutions containing D2O has been recently ascribed to proton scalar coupling but was described earlier in an underappreciated report [Kupriyanov et al.
(20) Membrane depolarization observed in the presence of ferricyanide reduction by plasma membranes of whole cells or tissues or the lag period between ferricyanide reduction and medium acidification argue that only scalar protons may be involved.