(n.) A machine formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
(n.) A term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea.
Example Sentences:
(1) The lengths and heights of the scalae tympani in ten pairs of serially sectioned temporal bones were measured by an adaptation of the serial section method of cochlear reconstruction.
(2) When normalized with respect to scala cross-section, the process of tracer movement across the spiral ligament is similar in the basal and third turns.
(3) The threshold functions differ from those observed in patients with scala tympani electrodes, primarily at low sinusoidal frequencies and long pulse widths.
(4) Measurements were obtained from fibers innervating hair cells in both the region of the cochlea that contains a tectorial membrane (tectorial fibers) and the region where hair-cell stereocilia are free-standing in scala media (free-standing fibers).
(5) The electrodes can be implanted in bundles through the round window or into the modiolus; they can, however, also be introduced individually through several drill holes in the promontory for placement in the scala tympani and vestibuli.
(6) In this respect, round-window and scala tympani stimulation sites are equally efficacious.
(7) The derived excitation for IHCs located at more apical locations (BFs large in relation to stimulus frequency) corresponds approximately to peak velocity of the basilar membrane toward scala vestibuli.
(8) Only the scala tympani compartment of the basal cochlear turn remained patent.
(9) The results suggest that under physiological conditions the CSF also flows through the cochleae aqueduct and the protein concentration in the Scala tympani decreases especially in the basal winding.
(10) As a small group of Abbado's relatives, including two of his children, looked on, Barenboim, La Scala's current music director, appeared quietly moved as the commemorative performance ended after about 20 minutes to dignified applause from the piazza.
(11) Multielectrode, scala tympani, and modiolar systems were implanted; in some cases, neomycin was perfused into the cochlea to destroy the organ of Corti at the time of implantation.
(12) For simultaneous measurements of pO2, cochlea microphonics (CM) and compound action potentials of the auditory nerve (CAP), we used the thin 0.5 microns microcoaxial needle electrode described by Baumgaertl and Luebbers, which was placed through the roundwindow membrane into the scala tympani to a depth of 1000 microns.
(13) The EP is the positive polarization of the middle compartment of the cochlea (scala media) with respect to the other compartments (the scalae tympani and vestibuli); the stria vascularis is apparently responsible for the EP.
(14) The decrease in K+ activity in the scala media relative to the EP reduction produced by vasopressin was not significantly different from that by perilymphatic perfusion with furosemide.
(15) The endocochlear potential (EP) in the pigeon ear was altered by injecting current into the scala media.
(16) Large capillaries, which ran freely suspended in scala vestibuli, entered the upper portion of the stria.
(17) Several (auditory and non-auditory) units with irregular discharge were excited during a basilar membrane displacement towards scala vestibuli whereas a basilar membrane motion towards scala tympani resulted in a decrease of the discharge rate.
(18) Tetraethylammonium chloride, which is believed to decrease potassium conductance, and tetrodotoxin, which apparently decreases sodium conductance in nerve fibers, were introduced iontophoretically into the organ of Corti or the scala media of guinea pig cochlea.
(19) Endotoxin of E coli was microperfused into scala tympani or injected into the cerebrospinal fluid in anaesthetised pigmented guinea pigs.
(20) However, only recently have we succeeded in developing a sampling technique which is capable of providing amino acid levels in scala tympani which are representative of the in vivo situation under physiological circumstances.
Scalp
Definition:
(n.) A bed of oysters or mussels.
(n.) That part of the integument of the head which is usually covered with hair.
(n.) A part of the skin of the head, with the hair attached, cut or torn off from an enemy by the Indian warriors of North America, as a token of victory.
(n.) Fig.: The top; the summit.
(v. t.) To deprive of the scalp; to cut or tear the scalp from the head of.
(v. t.) To remove the skin of.
(v. t.) To brush the hairs or fuzz from, as wheat grains, in the process of high milling.
(v. i.) To make a small, quick profit by slight fluctuations of the market; -- said of brokers who operate in this way on their own account.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have not had another incidence of fetal scalp infection associated with intrapartum monitoring.
(2) It is often difficult to study the neurological and autonomic changes in the scalp in these patients.
(3) Tests included recording the scalp EEG, visual and auditory cerebral evoked-potentials, the CNV, cerebral slow potentials related to certainty of response correctness in auditory discrimination tasks, heart rate, respiration and the galvanic skin response.
(4) The possible use of impedance measurement with scalp electrodes to detect intracranial events non-invasively was investigated by measuring the localised impedance changes during cortical spreading depression (CSD) in anaesthetised rats.
(5) To identify the origin of scalp-recorded far-field negativity of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials to median nerve stimulation (designated N18), direct records were made from the thalamus and ventricular system during 4 stereotaxic and 3 posterior fossa operations.
(6) Complications from tissue expansion of the scalp are similar to those encountered with the placement of expanders elsewhere in the body.
(7) Scalp EEGs correctly localized the side and region of seizure onset in only 1 patient.
(8) Selective angiography revealed a scalp AVM fed by bilateral superficial temporal and right occipital arteries.
(9) After the unsuccessful treatment with classical methods by skin grafting, a mixed myocutaneous Latissimus Dorsi and cutaneous parascapular flap allow the coverage of 25 centimetres of the scalp in his larger axis.
(10) To evaluate whether local anesthetic scalp infiltration blunts hemodynamic responses to craniotomy in anesthetized children (age, 2-18 yr), two concentrations of bupivacaine (0.125% and 0.25%) with vasoconstrictor (epinephrine 1:400,000) were compared with control data when a solution of vasoconstrictor alone was injected.
(11) This operation provides an important alternative to either standard or major scalp reductions.
(12) Monitoring evoked potentials from the brain for prolonged periods during neurosurgical procedures ideally requires attached scalp electrodes that may be placed in a sterile field.
(13) The effect of scalp hypothermia in connection with chemotherapy was evaluated as hair protection in 61 women with disseminated breast carcinoma, where earlier treatment routines had caused wig-requiring alopecia in nearly all patients.
(14) Here we give an example of its application to a comparison of curves, in this particular case average auditory evoked potentials, picked up at symmetrical points on the scalp.
(15) In a continuing study of the EEG as a monitor of cortical activity during anesthesia using a time-domain wave analyzer, the contamination of the EEG by scalp muscle activity was observed.
(16) Angiosarcomas of the skin develop almost exclusively in the following clinical settings: (1) the lymphedematous extremity, secondary to prior mastectomy in most instances; (2) the face and scalp, usually in elderly individuals; and (3) skin that has been previously radiated.
(17) These findings may require a rethinking of specific information processing interpretations of other endogenous ERPs, although the results also indicate that the 'oddball' effect on the P300 and CNV was distinctive in terms of scalp distributions and sensitivity to the manipulation.
(18) A left scalp skin flap (2.5 by 7 cm) based on the superficial temporal artery and vein was transferred to the bald area, with microvascular anastomosis to the superficial temporal vessels on the right side.
(19) Pattern 2, distant metastasis without scalp or regional lymph node spread, was associated with early radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
(20) Cortical activation patterns as measured by negative shifts of the scalp-recorded cortical steady potential ("DC shifts") were assessed in 28 normal subjects during imagining colours, faces, and a spatial map.