What's the difference between scam and sham?

Scam


Definition:

Example Sentences:

  • (1) There is a perfectly illogical explanation for it; polio drops are meant to make us impotent and these programmes are run by the same people who managed to locate Osama bin Laden by running another scam vaccination campaign.
  • (2) Some scams appeal to veterans’ sense of loyalty and patriotism by employing affinity marketing – using military and US related paraphernalia.
  • (3) Today, Britain is broke and broken, everyone's on the scam and excessive right on-ism is forcing ordinary Britons into retreat.
  • (4) Lloyds Banking Group has apologised for the impact of the £245m loan scam at HBOS and pledged to examine whether any of the small businesses affected should receive compensation.
  • (5) The scam has left one of the world’s largest carmakers facing fines of $US18bn for breaching environmental standards in the United States, and numerous customer lawsuits.
  • (6) The latest scam, termed "Coalgate", involves the government allocation of coal and is estimated to have cost the country more than $50bn.
  • (7) Generals and other senior officers accused of running the scam have yet to be brought to account.
  • (8) Bank of England governor subject of $6.5m text scam Read more But the commissioner’s comments were met with an immediate backlash from consumer groups, victims’ rights groups and digital security experts.
  • (9) Facebook scams are also used to gain access into organisations – this is where the big money is and these targeted ‘watering-hole attacks’ appear to be on the rise,” says James Maude, senior security engineer at Avecto.
  • (10) The money came from a scam and he was jailed for fraud but his thirst for money remained unquenched.
  • (11) "This book is about how Bill has identified the 60 people involved in the scam and the murder of Magnitsky, and tried to shut down the rest of the world to them."
  • (12) But now the pensioner, whose first husband left her over her refusal to stop responding to the letters, has spoken of the impact this has had on her life in a bid to warn others who have become addicted to the scams.
  • (13) India has seen many scams before, but few have been as brazen and on such a scale as those that have come to light in recent weeks.
  • (14) "The organisers of this scam went to great lengths to provide a facade of legitimacy.
  • (15) A New York Magazine profile from April 1995 described Cinque as a “small-time mobster, a scam artist and an art fence” who “used to be friends with John Gotti” – the former boss of the Gambino crime family.
  • (16) Belgian prosecutors highlighted the massive losses faced by EU governments from VAT fraud today after they charged three Britons and a Dutchman with money-laundering following an investigation into a multimillion-pound scam involving carbon emissions permits.
  • (17) Being a good mother is not a scam perpetrated by the patriarchy on women at a vulnerable moment in their lives.
  • (18) What we seem to have here is a prime example of the anti-PC back-flip scam.
  • (19) The Central American nation was praised for its crackdown on corruption in September after former president Otto Pérez Molina was ordered to stand trial for corruption, illicit association and bribery linked to a multimillion-dollar customs scam.
  • (20) Cunningham, who was an MP for 22 years and served in Tony Blair's cabinet, said he had been testing his suspicions that he was being targeted by a scam.

Sham


Definition:

  • (n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
  • (n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
  • (a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
  • (v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
  • (v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
  • (v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
  • (v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
  • (2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
  • (3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
  • (4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
  • (5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
  • (6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
  • (7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
  • (8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
  • (9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
  • (10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
  • (11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
  • (12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
  • (13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
  • (14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
  • (15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
  • (16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
  • (17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
  • (18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
  • (19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
  • (20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.