(1) The minimal length for an effective substrate has been characterised as an octapeptide sequence derived from the amino terminal portion of angiotensinogen (residues 6----13): His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His (Leu-Val is the scissile bond).
(2) For the native zymogen the rate of this conversion had been shown to be identical to the rate of cleavage of the scissile bond of pepsinogen.
(3) Mutations were introduced at amino acids downstream of the F-P scissile bond, at positions P4' and P5' in the C-terminal site (TLNF*PISP), and at position P3' in a consensus N-terminal site (TLNF*PQITL) placed at the protease-beta-gal junction.
(4) In the acid proteases the electrophilic component is the proton shared by Asp-32 and Asp-215; Tyr-75 donates its proton to the amide nitrogen of the scissile bond and an OH- ion from a water molecule bound between the carboxyl group of Asp-32 and the substrate attacks the carbonyl carbon atom.
(5) Replacement of the scissile bond with the phosphinic analogue of Leu10-Val11 (1b) gave the most potent inhibitors, having IC50 = 7.5 x 10(-8) M for H-Pro-His-Pro-Phe-His-(1b)-Ile-His-Lys-OH and IC50 = 1.0 x 10(-7) M for Z-Arg-Arg-Pro-Phe-His-(1b)-Ile-His-NH2.
(6) We show that a DNA fragment containing phosphorothioate linkages at the NaeI scissile bonds (S-activator) is not cleaved by NaeI, even though this S-activator binds to the substrate site.
(7) A set of DNA duplexes with repeated EcoRII, EcoRI and AluI restriction endonuclease recognition sites in which EcoRII scissile phosphodiester bonds were replaced by phosphoramide or uncleavable pyrophosphate bonds have been synthesized.
(8) By contrast, placement of a beta-branched (Val) residue in the P2 position flanking such -Hydrophobic*Hydrophobic- junctions resulted in effective cleavage of the scissile peptide bond.
(9) These diamines were incorporated into renin inhibitors (IC50 = 4-1500 nM) replacing the Leu-Val scissile bond in small peptide analogues of angiotensinogen.
(10) Secondary enzyme-substrate interactions at sites removed from the scissile bond are indicated by the finding that a hydrophobic or bulky residue in the P3' position greatly contributes to substrate binding and catalytic efficiency.
(11) Looking at the amino acid residues on the amino side of the scissile bond we found three times the Tyr-Pro pair at P'1-P'2 positions and that the S'1 subsite can interact with modified amino acids such as phosphoserine.
(12) In an attempt to convert the p17-p24 domain into a p24-p15 domain, residues flanking the scissile bond were exchanged in an expanding iterative fashion.
(13) Its spatial structure and the conformation of its primary binding segment from Cys-3I (P3) to Glu-7I (P3') which contains the reactive scissile bond Arg-5I C-Ile-6I N were also very similar with other squash family proteinase inhibitors.
(14) This interdomain region contains the sequence ...Asn-Tyr-Pro-Thr... which is similar to that surrounding the scissile Tyr-Pro bond in the gag precursor polyprotein, a natural substrate of the HIV-1 protease.
(15) Analogues of the renin octapeptide substrate were synthesized in which replacement of the scissile dipeptide with (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid (statine, Sta) transformed the substrate sequence into potent, transition-state analogue, competitive inhibitors of renin.
(16) Three cyclic compounds were synthesized with ring sizes 10, 12, and 14, based upon a linear hexapeptide inhibitor with a reduced amide replacing the scissile bond at the active site.
(17) Subsites accommodating residues COOH-terminal to the scissile bond were also important in determining the overall substrate specificity of these proteinases.
(18) In contrast with the corresponding lactosides and 1-thiocellobiosides, and in conflict with the expected specificity, aromatic 1-O-beta-cellobiosides are apparently hydrolysed at both scissile bonds, yielding the glucoside as one of the main reaction products.
(19) Important binding interactions are contributed by VIP(22-28), a sequence four residues distant from the scissile bond.
(20) Substitution of the amino acids flanking the scissile bond at three of the processing sites encoded by pol demonstrates distinct sequence requirements for cleavage at these different sites.
Split
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Split
(v. t.) To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by force; to divide in the direction of the grain layers; to rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber or a board; to split a gem; to split a sheepskin.
(v. t.) To burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear asunder.
(v. t.) To divide or break up into parts or divisions, as by discord; to separate into parts or parties, as a political party; to disunite.
(v. t.) To divide or separate into components; -- often used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid.
(v. i.) To part asunder; to be rent; to burst; as, vessels split by the freezing of water in them.
(v. i.) To be broken; to be dashed to pieces.
(v. i.) To separate into parties or factions.
(v. i.) To burst with laughter.
(v. i.) To divulge a secret; to betray confidence; to peach.
(v. i.) to divide one hand of blackjack into two hands, allowed when the first two cards dealt to a player have the same value.
(n.) A crack, or longitudinal fissure.
(n.) A breach or separation, as in a political party; a division.
(n.) A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.
(n.) Specif (Leather Manuf.), one of the sections of a skin made by dividing it into two or more thicknesses.
(n.) A division of a stake happening when two cards of the kind on which the stake is laid are dealt in the same turn.
(n.) the substitution of more than one share of a corporation's stock for one share. The market price of the stock usually drops in proportion to the increase in outstanding shares of stock. The split may be in any ratio, as a two-for-one split; a three-for-two split.
(n.) the division by a player of one hand of blackjack into two hands, allowed when the first two cards dealt to a player have the same value; the player is usually obliged to increase the amount wagered by placing a sum equal to the original bet on the new hand thus created.
(a.) Divided; cleft.
(a.) Divided deeply; cleft.
Example Sentences:
(1) The 1-0-methylalduronic-acidmethylesters, obtained by the methanolysis of the polysaccharides, are reduced with boronhydrid to the corresponding methyl glycosides; there are split with acid to the aldoses, which are converted in pyridine with hydroxylamine to the aldoximes and than with acetic anhydride to the aldonitrilacetates, which can be separated by gaschromatography without difficulty.
(2) Bohler's angle may be reconstituted with apparent reduction of the posterior facet when projected laterally; however, Broden's and axial views show persistent widening and split of the posterior facet.
(3) Enzyme preparations catalyzed hydrolysis of a variety of gamma-glutamyl peptides but did not split non-gamma-glutamyl peptides or the transpeptidase substrate gamma-glutamyl-rho-nitroanilide.
(4) A 26-year-old man with 40% full-thickness burns was treated by excision and split-skin grafting on the 7th post-burn day.
(5) Four separate features could be distinguished in Fe-DNAase-1 digestions of human lymphoblast nuclei: a di-nucleosomal (2N) repeat, a mono-nucleosomal (1N) repeat, a component of "random" DNA, and triple splitting of major peaks.
(6) The data indicate that the locus for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is split by the chromosomal breakpoint between the V alpha and the C alpha gene segments, and that the V alpha segments are proximal to the C alpha segment within chromosome band 14q11.2.
(7) A major part of the iron is in a form which shows magnetically split spectra at low temperatures.
(8) In all three species, splitting of the total dose into 3 or more fractional doses given within 1 day approximately doubles the efficacy over that achieved after a single oral administration of the same total dose.
(9) Prince was named after his father's own stage persona, and when his parents split up he became determined to better his dad on piano.
(10) The £77m, split between Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, Newcastle, Bristol, Cambridge, Oxford and Norwich, will help improve existing cycle networks and pay for new ones, creating segregated routes in some areas.
(11) The curiously double nature of the virgin in this tale, her purity versus her duplicity, seems unquestionably related to the infantile split mother, as elucidated by Klein--a connection explored in an earlier paper.
(12) The enzyme acts on the oxidized B chain of insulin as an aminoendopeptidase: it splits off the N-terminal phenylalanine and the centrally located bond(s).
(13) The cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) was split into two bundles.
(14) The findings paralleled those of Study 1, including a split among subjects in their evaluations of the nonprototypical issues.
(15) From ducks A. laidlawii, M. anatis and various unclassified strains were isolated, among these M. anatis and unclassified arginine splitting mycoplasma strains proved to be pathogenic.
(16) Cyclobutadipyrimidines (pyrimidine dimers) undergo splitting that is photosensitized by indole derivatives.
(17) When the reactor is running, high-speed particles called neutrons strike the uranium atoms and cause them to split in a process known as nuclear fission.
(18) The decision to split up News Corp followed the News of the World phone-hacking scandal, which focused the attention of investors on the company's newspaper assets, which are far less profitable than its film and TV businesses.
(19) In the Punjab, the eastern province, the movement has been able to forge ad hoc links with fragmented sectarian groups or freelance operators who have split away from bigger, more established organisations that are under close watch by intelligence agencies, the officials said.
(20) The sniping followed an article by Cameron in the Sunday Times , in which he called on the coalition to provide a "strong, decisive and united government" in the wake of acrimonious splits over Lords reform, warning that the public will not stand for "division and navel-gazing" at a time of social and economic insecurity.