What's the difference between sclerite and tegula?
Sclerite
Definition:
(n.) A hard chitinous or calcareous process or corpuscle, especially a spicule of the Alcyonaria.
Example Sentences:
(1) Caminacarus terrapenae differs from the above species by the form of the dorsal shield which extends more anteriorly but lacks anterior winglike elongations and has rounded anterolateral margins, the posteriorly concave shape of the genital sclerite and more sclerotized vaginal wall, the anterodorsal wall of the gnathosomal base which is not ringlike but open with lateral sclerotizations and interior punctations in this species, and structure of the tarsal setae with the presence of smaller heavier setae.
(2) Sclerite cuticle that was untreated prior to normal EM preparative procedures was compared to cuticle subjected to lipid solvents, high temperature, and concentrated alkali.
(3) The muscle consists of three parts: the upper bundle, which originates on the episternum, and the middle and lower bundles, which originate on the epimeron; all three parts insert on the tip of a projection from the third axillary sclerite.
(4) Monocotyle helicophallus new species is characterized by several muscular genital papillae, one of which is traversed by the ejaculatory duct; M. spiremae new species is distinguished by a sclerotized accessory structure associated with the distal end of the male copulatory organ, a vaginal sclerite and a conspicuous spherical, ejaculatory bulb; M. multiparous new species is distinguished by a large number of retained, thin-shelled eggs, many of which contain a fully developed oncomiracidium.
(5) Pauciconfibula subsolana is differentiated from other species in the genus by the 2 posterolateral clamp sclerites, each of which is composed of 2 distinct sections, and by the absence of appendages on the eggs.
(6) The organization of intersegmental muscle fibers associated with the dorsal abdominal sclerites of the cockroach is described.
(7) The structure of the sclerite and intersegmental cuticle of the opithosoma of the desert scorpion, Hadrurus arizonensis, has been examined by transmission electron microscopy.
(8) The shape and position of the third axillary sclerite within the wing hinge are such that its primary function appears to be remotion of the wing.
(9) The surface of the sclerite cuticle contains amorphous particles, crystalline projections, and scattered openings to dermal gland ducts.
(10) The more sclerotized exoskeletal elements, such as integumentary scales and the body sclerites together with their setae and sensilla, were highlighted by staining with carbol fuchsin.
(11) The sclerite cuticle contains a four-layered epicuticle, a hyaline exocuticle, an inner exocuticle and an endocuticle.
(12) Electron microscopy reveals that hyaline exocuticle, previously assumed to be continuous from sclerite to intersegmental membrane, is absent in the latter.
(13) The domus has the appearance of two filaments with the light microscope but with the electron microscope these are seen to be the thickened edges of a single gutter-shaped sclerite.
(14) However, wax canals are likely obscured by surface waxes similar to those present in sclerite cuticle.
(15) differs from two other subgenera both in the shape of the apron itself and in the shape of the postgenital sclerite and setae of perigenital area.
(16) The former species is very similar to Caminacarus deirochelys but differs in the form of the dorsal shield which has longer lateral elongations and the median dorsal elongation does not extend to the genital sclerite, structure of the anterodorsal wall of the gnathosomal base which is closed forming a ringlike apodeme, and structure of the tarsal setae as well as the presence of one additional seta on the dorsal surface of tarsus III.
(17) In detail, its fine structure differs in most respects from that of the sclerite cuticle.
(18) The nature of the sclerites, too, is primarily carried by the anlagen rather than determined by intersegmental information.
(19) In the shape of male's genital apparatus, protruding to the outside of terminal sclerite, structures helping both partners to contact during copulation were discerned.
(20) from Epinephelus guttatus of Puerto Rico differs from all known species in possessing scoop-shaped accessory sclerites with pointed tips.
Tegula
Definition:
(n.) A small appendage situated above the base of the wings of Hymenoptera and attached to the mesonotum.
Example Sentences:
(1) Using two species of locusts, Romalia microptera Beavy and Podisma pedestris L., receptors of the wing apparatus are described: campaniform sensillas of the wing, hair receptors of the tegula, chordotonal organ and thorax stretch receptor.
(2) Plateau potentials were evoked in these interneurons by synaptic input from tegula or by the injection of depolarizing current pulses.
(3) This recovery is due to a functional substitution of the hindwing tegulae by the forewing tegulae (Büschges, Ramirez, and Pearson, 1992).
(4) To assess changes in the pathways from the forewing tegulae in the flight system, we investigated the pathways of the forewing tegula in intact locusts and in animals 2 weeks after hindwing tegula removal.
(5) The vitelline coat lysin of a top shell, Tegula pfeifferi, is a single polypeptide consisting of 118 amino acid residues and having a relative molecular mass of 13800.
(6) The present study demonstrates 1) that the timing of elevator motor neuron activity is determined by phasic afferent input from tegulae and stretch receptors and 2) that input from the stretch receptors controls the duration of elevator activity in the wingbeat cycle following the wing movement that was responsible for the generation of the receptor discharge.
(7) Removal of the forewing tegulae in recovered animals resulted in similar changes in the flight motor pattern as were observed in intact animals after the removal of the hindwing tegulae.
(8) The changes in connectivity of forewing tegula afferents are correlated with morphological alterations in the structure of the terminal processes of the afferents and with sprouting of some branches of interneurons receiving input from these afferents.
(9) Doses of 150 microliters at 10(-2) M phentolamine inactivated the wing stretch-receptors and tegulae without influencing the central nervous system (CNS).
(10) Here we report adaptive modifications in the flight system that occur after the removal of the hindwing tegulae.
(11) Previous investigations have shown that the flight motor pattern of the mature locust (Locusta migratoria L.) relies heavily on the input of the hindwing tegulae.
(12) By intracellularly recording from elevator motoneurons and administering phentolamine we confirmed a number of previous results related to the function of the wing stretch-receptors and the tegulae.
(13) The size of unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by signal forewing tegula afferents was found not to be altered in recovered animals.
(14) In contrast, removal of the forewing tegulae has little effect on the motor pattern.
(15) The following physiological alterations in these pathways were found to be associated with the recovery: (1) In the intact locusts, the connections of forewing tegula afferents to flight interneurons are variable but this variability did not occur in recovered animals, and (2) larger numbers of forewing tegula afferents connect to interneurons that excite elevator motoneurons (interneurons 566 and 567) and to an interneuron that inhibits depressor motoneurons (interneuron 511).
(16) In the locust, Locusta migratoria, the roles of two groups of wing sense organs, hind wing tegulae and wing-hinge stretch receptors, in the generation of the flight motor pattern were investigated.
(17) From these observations we conclude that recovery is due to the functional replacement of the removed hindwing tegulae by input from the forewing tegulae.
(18) Removal of the hindwing tegulae results in an immediate change in the motor pattern: the wingbeat frequency (WBF) decreases and the interval between the activity of depressor and elevator muscles (D-E interval) increases.
(19) In contrast to the situation in the intact animal, the activity of the forewing tegulae is necessary in recovered animals for the generation of the motor pattern.
(20) Over a period of about 2 weeks following hindwing tegula removal, the flight motor pattern progressively returned towards normal, and in about 80% of the animals recovery of the flight motor pattern was complete.