(1) The cdrk channel appears to be a member of the Shab subfamily, most closely resembling drk1.
(2) The cloning of RK5 confirms the presence in mammals of all four Drosophila K+ channel families: Shaker, Shab, Shaw, and Shal.
(3) This conservation of the K+ channel subfamilies Shaker, Shal, Shab, and Shaw suggests that not only the broad outlines of membrane electrical properties but also many molecular details as well evolved in the parent species ancestral to both invertebrate and vertebrate life.
(4) The Drosophila Shaker gene on the X chromosome has three sister genes, Shal, Shab, and Shaw, which map to the second and third chromosomes.
(5) This organization precludes the generation of multiple forms of the protein by alternative RNA splicing, a mechanism known to characterize the Drosophila potassium channel genes Shaker and Shab.
(6) Homologs of Shaker, Shal, Shab, and Shaw are present in mammals; each Drosophila potassium-channel gene may be represented as a multigene subfamily in mammals.
(7) In peripheral tissues, mRNAs for cdrk and drk1 are reciprocally localized, indicating that the K+ channel properties contributed by mammalian Shab homologs may be important in a variety of excitable tissues.
(8) In Drosophila, the transient (A current) subtype of the potassium channel (Shaker and Shal) and the delayed-rectifier subtype (Shab and Shaw) are encoded by homologous genes, and there is more than one gene for each subtype of channel.
(9) Mouse and Drosophila Shab K+ channels (mShab and fShab, respectively) represent an instance of K+ channels and structurally related species that are both functionally and structurally conserved; most kinetic, voltage-sensitive, and pharmacological properties are similar for the 2 channels.
(10) We show that Drosophila Shaker, Shal, Shab, and Shaw subunits form functional homomultimers, but that a molecular barrier to heteropolymerization is present.
(11) One of these proteins (NGK2) is structurally more closely related to the Drosophila Shaw gene product than to the Shaker and Shab gene products, whereas the other (NGK1) is identical with a rat brain potassium channel protein (BK2) which is more closely related to the Drosophila Shaker gene product.
(12) The family consists of four subfamilies: ShI genes are homologues of Shaker; ShII, ShIII, and ShIV are homologues of three other Shaker-like genes in Drosophila, Shab, Shaw, and Shal, respectively.
(13) Structurally, drk1 encodes an amino-acid sequence which is more closely related to the Drosophila Shab gene than to the Shaker gene.
(14) Shaker, Shal, Shab, and Shaw K+ channels have similar structures, but appear to be independent channel systems: when co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes, all four function independently.
(15) The deduced proteins of Shab, Shaw, and Shal have high homology to the Shaker protein; the sequence identity of the integral membrane portions is greater than 50 percent.
(16) By using a Shaker complementary DNA probe and low-stringency hybridization, three additional family members have now been isolated, Shab, Shaw, and Shal.
(17) We have cloned and expressed a mouse brain K+ channel that is the homolog of the Drosophila Shab K+ channel.
Swab
Definition:
(n.) To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship.
(n.) A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.
(n.) A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep-seated parts, etc.
(n.) An epaulet.
(n.) A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease.
(n.) A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.
Example Sentences:
(1) A throat swab from one patient grew group A, beta haemolytic streptococci, and in each case unequivocal evidence of seroreaction to streptococcal antigens was present.
(2) The relationship between technique of obtaining Papanicolaou smears, presence of endocervical cells, and rate of cervical neoplasia was studied by comparing an endocervical and ectocervical nylon brush (Bayne brush), Ayre spatula plus endocervical brush, and spatula plus cotton-tipped swab in a randomized, prospective trial involving 11,061 patients.
(3) It should also be realised that, in a very few hospitals, swabs which do not have an opaque marker may occasionally be used in theatre.
(4) In 1961 three rectal swabs were taken to detect carriers; this was increased to 5 in 1962 and now 7 consecutive daily swabs are considered necessary.
(5) The RSV EIA was also used to test 137 nasal swabs obtained from cases of bovine respiratory disease.
(6) One hundred and thirty-two penial-preputial swabbings, 140 raw and 42 processed semen samples were cultured for mycoplasmas.
(7) Intranuclear inclusion bodies and virus particles were found in hepatocytes, and herpes virus was isolated from a liver biopsy and from oral swabs but not from blood.
(8) The results of numerous microbiological investigations of sputa, nose and throat swabs before and during the long-term study are interpreted under certain aspects and questioning.
(9) The DNA fragment was amplified by PCR in all specimens of urine sediments from 50 patients with Chlamydiazyme-positive urethral swab.
(10) At the conclusion of 817 abdominal operations, duplicate swabs were taken from the subcutaneous tissues for microbiological examination; one swab was transported to the laboratory in Stuart's thioglycollate medium and the other immediately incubated in Robertson's cooked meat broth.
(11) In a preliminary study of the transmission rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma species, Gardnerella vaginalis, B-Streptococci, Candida species and Chlamydia trachomatis from the mother to the newborn, swabs were taken from 45 parturients and their neonates and cultured by suitable methods.
(12) Our semiquantitative methods for the culture of H. influenzae type b, consisting of inoculation of 0.001 ml of throat swab fluid on antiserum agar plates and division of the results into three grades of intensity, showed agreement as to intensity of colonization in over 80% of repeat throat cultures.
(13) Duplicate high vaginal swabs were obtained from 200 parturient women at Abeokuta (Nigeria).
(14) Five hundred and thirty one samples of pharingeal swabs were obtained from children with ARI.
(15) It may be feasible to use the direct fluorometric test in a diagnostic laboratory as described or possibly to adapt it for automatic processing of throat swab cultures.
(16) Also we cannot take DNA swabs against the suspect's will."
(17) One hundred positive isolations were made from 387 rectal swab specimens; 86 were obtained in human kidney cultures.
(18) The strains of adenovirus were isolated from pharyngeal swabs, kidney cell cultures and stool of tupaias.
(19) Our results clearly demonstrate that pernasal swabs give a representative picture of the adenoid bacterial content.
(20) Quantitative wound swab cultures depend on a thorough sampling of the wound and an efficient recovery of bacteria from the swab.