(n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
(n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
(a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
(v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
(v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
(v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
(v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
(2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
(5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
(6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
(7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
(8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
(9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
(10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
(11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
(12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
(13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
(14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
(15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
(16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
(17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
(18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
(19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
(20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.
Shan
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) The results showed that the drug "Shan-Dou-Gen" used in different regions in China at present are the roots or rhizomes derived from 9 species: Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep.
(2) The world's greatest snow-capped peaks, which run in a chain from the Himalayas to Tian Shan on the border of China and Kyrgyzstan, have lost no ice over the last decade, new research shows.
(3) "Since the elections there have been three broken ceasefires, with the Kachin, Karen and Shan minorities, a massive increase in army attacks on ethnic groups, and a sharp rise in gang rapes involving women and children.
(4) The survey of a population including 40-59-old males, dwellers from the rural areas of the Tien Shan and Pamirs low- and highlands, has demonstrated that atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias are significantly more infrequently encountered among high-altitude dwellers than among low-altitude ones.
(5) Ion-pairing extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed for assaying moniliformin (a fungal toxin) content in the corn (Shaanxi) and rice (Yunnan) samples collected from families suffering from Ke-shan disease.
(6) Later, Shanly told the group in a posting: “Sorry for being expressive, apologise for any offence.” Shanly told the Times on Tuesday that he regretted the comments he made, adding: “I completely reject the accusation of bullying and I am sure those who know me from my many years of activity in the movement would know that such a label is absurd.” Momentum is open to people who are not Labour members, and some MPs who do not support Corbyn are alarmed by its rise because they fear it will enable people previously involved in far-left groups outside Labour to exercise influence in the party.
(7) In lowland (760 m above sea level) and highland (3200 m above sea level) of Tien Shan, the measurements of blood pressure and blood flow in the large vessels as well as the mass of heart ventricles of 75 rabbits have been made.
(8) It was found that at 760 m and 2800 m (Tien-Shan) a chemoreflex mechanism maintains 13 to 18% of the total volume of eupnoic ventilation regardless of the age of the subject studied.
(9) were found in the land mollusks Bradybaena duplocincta and Jaminia potaniniana asiatica collected on the slopes of Tien-Shan.
(10) It was shown that the high-altitude conditions of the Pamirs and Tien Shan (2800-3600 m above the sea-level) modified the clinicofunctional signs and a course of the cor pulmonale (CP) in chronic bronchitis.
(11) Tai Shan's arrival brought 500,000 new visitors to the zoo in 2005, the director, Dennis Kelly, said.
(12) An epidemiologic study of 40- to 59-year-old males was carried out in order to assess the effect of ethnic characteristics and migration from high-altitude (2,000-3,500 m above sea-level) Tien Shan areas to Frunze (760 m above sea-level) and vice versa on the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary risk factors.
(13) As the drug "Shan-Dou-Gen" derived from different species has different actions and dosages, it is necessary to give different names to different species and use them correctly.
(14) Hemoacupuncture also was applied to Shan-gen, bilateral ear tip, and bulb points.
(15) He ventures out at night to spend time with his boy, telling Constance: "I shan't be back till late.
(16) Owing to security reasons, the Union Election Commission has cancelled voting in several hundred villages across the states of Kachin, Karen, Mon and Shan, and the Bago region.
(17) As many as 132 patients with bronchial asthma were examined for the clinical, functional and laboratory parameters before and during alpine climatotherapy at a height of 3200 m above the sea level (the Tyuya-Ashu pass, the northern Tien Shan).
(18) To demonstrate the progress made in the family medicine clinic at the Chung Shan Medical College Hospital and to evaluate the appropriateness of this kind of family practice setting, our patient population of 616 was investigated.
(19) An outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease (LD) in a college in Tang Shan in the winter of 1987 was reported.
(20) The epidemic levels of CVD in Ning-Xia and Shan-Xi were the highest, Its epidemic levels in the urban areas were higher than those in the rural areas.