(n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
(n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
(a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
(v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
(v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
(v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
(v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
(2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
(5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
(6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
(7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
(8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
(9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
(10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
(11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
(12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
(13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
(14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
(15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
(16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
(17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
(18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
(19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
(20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.
Shaw
Definition:
(n.) A thicket; a small wood or grove.
(n.) The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Philip Shaw, chief economist at broker Investec, expects CPI to hit 5.1%, just shy of the 5.2% reached in September 2008, as the utility hikes alone add 0.4% to inflation.
(2) Philip Shaw, chief economist at Investec, said: “Clearly, there is a much greater chance that the euro hits parity with the US dollar once again, as it first did in 1999.” Stock markets climbed and bond yields fell as the markets digested the full implications of the massive QE project that will involve the ECB buying €60bn (£45bn) of bonds a month until September 2016 or when eurozone inflation nears the central bank’s 2% target.
(3) We have to improve our playing style and beat our opponents more easily.” Van Gaal was also careful to provide an exact statement on the England full-back Luke Shaw, who suffered an ankle injury against Arsenal.
(4) Extreme Republicans in North Carolina have been trying to figure out how to restrict voting by black people ever since 2008.” He said that Shaw students who hadn’t voted at all had to think hard about their decision.
(5) Michael Holroyd, in his biography of George Bernard Shaw , gives an illuminating example of myopic hostility to Russia by the right even when we desperately needed allies.
(6) When I decided Baines might be my No1, I decided the next one would be Luke Shaw.
(7) Other high-profile absentees include Danny Welbeck, Jack Wilshere, Luke Shaw and Jordan Henderson.
(8) After removing the bulk of tissue with the Shaw scalpel, the carbon dioxide laser and dermabrader are used to refine nasal contours.
(9) Adam Lallana, Rickie Lambert and Dejan Lovren have all moved to Liverpool while Luke Shaw has signed for Manchester United and Arsenal have taken Calum Chambers to the Emirates Stadium, with Southampton raking in more than £88m for the combined deals.
(10) Lance Sergeant Darren Shaw, whose daughter was two weeks old when he left for Afghanistan, said the parade would bring closure to the Afghan tour "then we can get ready and move on to what our next tasks are".
(11) And like Warhol, he saw his own philosophy and his belief not within himself but in the world around him.” Barely drawing breath, Shaw cites a painful image of Ruskin “as a wounded animal searching for cover in a re-created world”.
(12) It would have been fantastic for Goodesy to be up there with me, but he wanted to do it his own way,” Shaw said.
(13) Responding to Shaw’s comments on possible privatisation, a Department for Transport spokesman said it awaited her recommendations on how the government should “approach the longer-term future shape and financing of Network Rail”.
(14) Elsewhere in London, at the National Theatre on the South Bank, there is another dramatic performance, of Bernard Shaw's The Doctor's Dilemma , depicting what healthcare was like a hundred years ago.
(15) The £100,000 a-week, five-year contract, on offer to Shaw is far greater than Chelsea are willing to pay and they have decided to pull out.
(16) 5.56pm GMT 26 min: Shaw whistles a low ball into the Liverpool area from the left.
(17) So I think he’s been aware of it.” Shaw’s injury explains why Danny Rose of Tottenham Hotspur has been called up as an understudy for Leighton Baines in the left-back role , at a time when Kieran Gibbs is also unavailable because of his own hamstring injury.
(18) The number of injuries he has had: Phil Jones has played only seven games this season, Ashley Young, [Antonio] Valencia, [Luke] Shaw, these are big losses.
(19) Jamie Jackson Manchester United’s Ashley Young out for ‘long time’ with serious groin injury Read more Kick-off Saturday 3pm Venue Old Trafford Last season Manchester United 0 Southampton 1 Referee Mike Jones This season G 15, Y 49, R 1, 3.40 cards per game Odds H 5-6 A 7-2 D 5-2 Manchester United Subs from Romero, Pereira, Powell, Rashford, Tuanzebem, Goss, McNair, Varela, Depay, Januzaj, Mata Doubtful None Injured Shaw (broken leg, May), Valencia (ankle, Mar), Rojo (shoulder, unknown), Carrick (unknown), Young (groin, unknown), Schweinsteiger (knee), Jones (match fitness) Suspended None Form LLDWDW Discipline Y37 R0 Leading scorer Rooney 6 Premier League: 10 things to look out for this weekend Read more Southampton Subs from Stekelenburg, K Davis, Martina, Yoshida, Clasie, Romeu, Tadic, Austin, Pelle, Juanmi Doubtful Stekelenburg (knock) Injured Rodriguez (knee, Mar), Gardos (knee, unknown) Suspended None Form LWLLWW Discipline Y38 R3 Leading scorer Pellè 6
(20) 2.44am BST Kings 3-3 Blackhawks, 2:42, 2nd period A two-on one break for the Hawks - Shaw is skating with the puck across the blue line, passes to Niklas Hjalmarsson, who gives it back, cross ice to Shaw who fires and is denied!