(n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
(n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
(a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
(v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
(v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
(v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
(v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
(2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
(5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
(6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
(7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
(8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
(9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
(10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
(11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
(12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
(13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
(14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
(15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
(16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
(17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
(18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
(19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
(20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.
Shay
Definition:
(n.) A chaise.
Example Sentences:
(1) A series of alkylazulene-1-sodium sulfonate derivatives which has an isopropyl group at 6-position were synthesized, and their anti-ulcer activities were examined in Shay pylorus-ligated rats.
(2) Joe Cole made his full debut for Villa and Shay Given made his first appearance since January 2013, while Darren Bent started a game for the first time since the final day of the 2012-13 season.
(3) Shay Given could have been mistaken for just another Irish tourist on the Algarve until he was forced to work just after the half-hour, saving a couple of long-range strikes by Liam Walker.
(4) Shay Given and Craig Bellamy (a player he did sign for Blackburn) have been excellent, with pinching Gareth Barry from under Liverpool's nose one of the manager's best bits of business.
(5) The Obama administration must back international efforts to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050,” said Shaye Wolf, the climate science director with the Center for Biological Diversity.
(6) Mucosa damage, these appear in the Shay ulcer model before the macroscopic ulceration, can be prevented by the selective proximal vagotomy.
(7) The results illustrate that gastric diversion is accurate and suitable for basal acid output estimation and it is suggested as a valuable substitute for the classical Shay rat procedure, allowing gastric secretion collection over 6 h without gastric mucosal injury.
(8) When Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Haider Shaye receives a coveted Human Rights Defenders award in Geneva , his role as a fearless chronicler of his country's US-led drone war will have come full circle.
(9) President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi reversed that decision in May, issuing an order to release Shaye "soon", according to the London Times correspondent Iona Craig, who covered the case extensively.
(10) Benzimidazole and some of its derivatives as 4-nitro and 5-nitro-benzimidazoles, 2-amino-, 4-amino- and 5-aminobenzimidazoles have been tested on gastric acid secretion in Shay-rats.
(11) Captain Kristen Griest, 26, and first lieutenant Shaye Haver, 25, graduated from the prestigious school in Fort Benning, Georgia , with 94 male classmates who successfully finished three arduous phases of training, lasting months in total.
(12) Shay ulceration and gastric lesions induced by cold-restraint stress and ulcerogenic agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), reserpine, or epinephrine, in rats were significantly aggravated by pregnancy (day 20 of pregnancy).
(13) delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibited ulcer formation in the pylorus-ligated rat (Shay rat test).
(14) Up the road in Halifax, however, they hit upon an enterprising idea: why not use the Shay for ice-skating?
(15) Shaye's coverage shed more light than any other individual on the scope of the US drone warfare programme and kept him in the cross hairs of both governments.
(16) In Shay-rats a dose dependent inhibitory effect of salmon calcitonin on ulcer formation and gastric secretion is demonstrated.
(17) In the present study the effects of these substances were examined using the Shay-model.
(18) The alpha-cell cycle was very significantly depressed and the beta + gamma-cell cycle was increased in three different rat leukemias (L5222, Shay, BNML), growing on three different rat strains (BDIX, Holtzmann, Brown Norway).
(19) Speed's former Newcastle United teammate Shay Given, who attended a charity fundraising event with him in May, broke down in tears on television as a minute's silence was held at the start of Swansea City's match against Aston Villa.
(20) Bowing to the pressure, then-president Ali Abdullah Saleh pardoned Shaye weeks after his sentencing.