(n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
(n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
(a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
(v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
(v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
(v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
(v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
(2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
(5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
(6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
(7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
(8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
(9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
(10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
(11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
(12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
(13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
(14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
(15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
(16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
(17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
(18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
(19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
(20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.
Soam
Definition:
(n.) A chain by which a leading horse draws a plow.
Example Sentences:
(1) Official papers released by the National Archives show that the "wets" – notably Jim Prior, Peter Walker, Ian Gilmour, Mark Carlisle, Lord Soames and Francis Pym – were able to demonstrate that a majority of the cabinet rejected as unnecessarily harsh Sir Geoffrey Howe's demands for further public spending cuts and tax cuts.
(2) It is called falling off the swing,” said Soames, when he tried to explain all this to me, “and getting hit on the back of the head by the roundabout.” There are times, when considering Serco, that it begins to resemble Milo Minderbinder’s syndicate, M&M Enterprises, in the novel Catch-22, which starts out trading melons and sardines between opposing armies in the second world war, and ends up conducting bombing raids for commercial reasons.
(3) So we might as well keep the money and eliminate the middle man.” Last autumn, Soames and Cockburn concluded that a handful of contracts – led by the Armidales, and the deal to house asylum seekers in the UK – could cost Serco up to £500m in losses, which posed a mortal threat to the business.
(4) The shadow defence secretary, Nicholas Soames, said the government had "lost its grip" on policy in Iraq and that ministers had been "unacceptably complacent and negligent" if they did not keep themselves informed of the Red Cross's concerns.
(5) As one of the disenchanted Labour voters described by MacAskill, I have had many polemics put my way: the most persuasive have been George Galloway's "Just Say Naw" and a speech on the implications of Scottish independence for business by Rupert Soames, CEO of the Scottish firm Aggreko.
(6) Merely being around Soames – who is bulky, self-assured, and often speaks in similes that involve things like spaniels, grandmothers, rhododendrons and oysters – evokes sensations of an earlier, stronger Britain.
(7) On 10 November, Soames announced a new strategy for the company: it would be simpler, and smaller, and serve governments only.
(8) Like his colleague Tory MP Nicholas Soames, who in 2009 called the "scourge" of ragwort a national "shame", Benyon struck back, saying his critics were being "unnecessarily aggressive", and that he wasn't advocating ethnic cleansing of ragwort but that he wanted to deal with "a severe infestation of a poisonous plant".
(9) It ain’t going to happen.” Towards the end, one pilot with a direct manner told Soames they had been treated like “toilet cleaners” by the previous management and asked about the estimated £4m pay-off that Hyman received when he left.
(10) I think we need a full explanation of that without delay.” Johnson had earlier described the correspondence between Serco CEO Rupert Soames and the prime minister, which took place while Cameron’s negotiations over a new EU deal were still ongoing, as “the biggest stitch-up since the Bayeux tapestry”, adding: “It makes us look like a banana republic.” Elsewhere on Tuesday, Cameron suggested in a speech that Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of Isis , was probably in favour of Britain leaving the EU.
(11) The comments from the FTSE 100 firm came after its chief executive, Rupert Soames, appeared before Holyrood's economy committee last month and claimed that international investors were getting "worried".
(12) I was counting my days on the basis of how many really, really shitty bits of news happened a day, and it used to be four,” said Soames.
(13) Soames slumped in his seat and he started to laugh.
(14) I don’t see that for a long time,” said Soames.
(15) Soames was on his way home to work for a few more hours.
(16) Campbell tweeted: “More respect for people like Nick Soames who once told me he hates football and loves Foxhunting.
(17) * * * Soames and I spent several afternoons together in May and June, talking about what had gone wrong at Serco.
(18) The Tory MP Nicholas Soames was another favourite: "Soames" (this, again, at a party conference) "was magnificent, a vast, florid spectacle, a massive inflatable frontbench spokesman.
(19) Boris Johnson has been accused by the grandson of Sir Winston Churchill, the Conservative MP Sir Nicholas Soames, of “fundamentally dishonest gymnastics” for criticising a planned multibillion-pound trade deal between the US and the EU that he had previously lauded as “Churchillian” for its brilliance.
(20) Soames spent the morning talking to the contract manager about shift patterns and the cost of helicopter earphones.