(n.) That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug.
(n.) A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
(a.) False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
(v. t.) To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
(v. t.) To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
(v. t.) To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
(v. i.) To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
(2) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(3) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(4) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
(5) The plasma renin activity of the 1 day post-stenosis rats showed 65% higher activity than the sham controls with no significant change in the 30-60 days post-stenosis.
(6) The results indicate that, regardless of the photoperiod, no clear functional relationship can be found between the avian pineal gland and thyroid function, although a transitory increase in T4 levels was seen in both pinealectomized and sham-operated birds shortly after the operations.
(7) The amounts of erythropoietin produced in animals subjected to hepatectomy are significantly higher than those observed in sham-operated animals.
(8) However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
(9) Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion.
(10) Pretreatment with CV6209 had no significant influence on these parameters in sham-operated animals.
(11) We found that kidney extracts from 6 h and 24 h uninephrectomized rats increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into tubular cell DNA, dose-dependently, compared to those from sham-operated rats.
(12) The sizes of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (N) cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SPX), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 126) were investigated by quantitative light microscopy.
(13) The concentrations and total content of the nicotinamide nucleotides were measured in the livers of rats at various times after partial hepatectomy and laparotomy (sham hepatectomy) and correlated with other events in the regeneration process.
(14) The volume densities of the differing strial components from steroid-administered animals were determined to approximate those of sham-adrenalectomized animals in general.
(15) With five daily 1-hr occlusions of the hepatic artery, rats benefited from significantly reduced tumor growth rates compared with controls that underwent sham operation (P less than 0.05).
(16) In the dynamic phase the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly increased in the VMH-lesioned rats, but the specific GDP binding was depressed both in the morning and afternoon when compared with either the sham-operated or PVN-lesioned groups.
(17) There were no changes in the joints which had sham operations.
(18) In contrast, in Px-SUC both masses were comparable to the sham groups.
(19) Only at 3 days did total plasma volume of SAD rats show a modest reduction of about 16% (P less than 0.05 vs. sham-operated plus unoperated controls).
(20) The binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was compared in acini isolated from the regenerating remnant following 90% partial pancreatectomy (ppx) and from the pancreas of sham-pancreatectomized (sham-ppx) rats.
Spurious
Definition:
(a.) Not proceeding from the true source, or from the source pretended; not genuine; false; adulterate.
(a.) Not legitimate; bastard; as, spurious issue.
Example Sentences:
(1) The definitions, aetiology, and symptomatology of the diastema mediale superior are discussed in the present study on the basis of personal experience and reports in the literature, special attention being paid to the verbal evaluation of "genuine" or "spurious".
(2) The origin of spurious currents and how they must be minimized in the design of either a liquid- or gas-filled ionization chamber is discussed.
(3) Men might not have frills and furbelows as women traditionally do, but they’ve got spurious function: knobs on their watches or extra pockets on their jackets that are just as decorative as anything women wear.” 6.
(4) The double-antibody technic showed spuriously elevated levels, and the single-antibody technic showed low levels of serum TSH by radioimmunoassay in the presence of antibodies.
(5) Buckling down to China's restrictive rules gave a spurious respectability to such activities without helping Google much since Baidu, its Chinese equivalent, still has 70% of the search market.
(6) Insertion of the trimer into several expression vectors efficiently prevented spurious expression of reporter genes resulting from transcriptional initiation in prokaryotic plasmid sequences in transfected mammalian cells.
(7) The drug paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; acetaminophen) caused a spurious increase in serum uric acid measured by phosphotungstic acid reduction methods.
(8) RSL kick off... 3.09am GMT Speaking of epic... …this might be a spurious link, but I don't care.
(9) The results imply that the traditional methods of sacrifice may result in the measurement of spuriously low tissue concentrations of some peptides, e.g.
(10) The risk of reporting a chance spurious association could be reduced if family studies, such as sib comparisons, were carried out at the same time as the original survey, rather than after many surveys have been conducted.
(11) That is to say, an identification via projective identification has taken place, which heightens intrinsic omnipotence, to allow what has been termed the identificate to believe that it has become the desired object--and thereby that within this spuriously organized ego-structure exist the characteristics and functions of the object or part object that has been taken over.
(12) However, medical experts told the Guardian last week that assertions by Arizona officials that Wood was “brain dead” during the execution are spurious.
(13) Dom's being very hard on himself - he couldn't write spurious nonsense if he tried.
(14) A patient blood sample with an unexpectedly high hemoglobin level, high hematocrit, low white blood cell count, and low platelet count was recognized as being spurious based on previously available data.
(15) This method includes ways of carrying out 'tight' or 'loose' grouping, of allowing for variability of reporting of physical features by different observers, and of minimising the number of 'spurious' groups.
(16) This trend in the level of underenumeration has spuriously blunted the true increasing incidence of melanoma and may limit the ability to monitor and study this disease in the future.
(17) Between 1982 and 1989 we identified 47 subjects with spuriously increased concentrations of free thyroxin (FT4) or free triiodothyronine (FT3) related to autoantibody interference in analog FT4 and (or) FT3 methods.
(18) To elucidate spurious correlation among these indices and T3, partial correlation analysis among these indices and its influencing factors were calculated.
(19) Opponents say that by giving development plans green credentials that may be spurious, offsetting speeds up planning approvals in practice, and limits natural environments for flora and fauna in absolute terms.
(20) Two patients are described with spurious leukopenia secondary to in vitro aggregation of neutrophils.