(n.) A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal.
(n.) The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut shell.
(n.) A pod.
(n.) The hard covering of an egg.
(n.) The hard calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes, it is internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the hard covering of some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise, and the like.
(n.) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having such a covering.
(n.) A hollow projectile, of various shapes, adapted for a mortar or a cannon, and containing an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by means of which the projectile is burst and its fragments scattered. See Bomb.
(n.) The case which holds the powder, or charge of powder and shot, used with breechloading small arms.
(n.) Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in; as, the shell of a house.
(n.) A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior coffin inclosed in a more substantial one.
(n.) An instrument of music, as a lyre, -- the first lyre having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell.
(n.) An engraved copper roller used in print works.
(n.) The husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is often used as a substitute for chocolate, cocoa, etc.
(n.) The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve.
(n.) A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood or with paper; as, a racing shell.
(v. t.) To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod, etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell oysters.
(v. t.) To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian corn, wheat, oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk.
(v. t.) To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as, to shell a town.
(v. i.) To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.
(v. i.) To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in falling.
(v. i.) To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as, wheat or rye shells in reaping.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, empty shells can also form independently of intact virions.
(2) The spikes likely correspond to VP3, a hemagglutinin, while the rest of the mass density in the outer shell represents 780 molecules of VP7, a neutralization antigen.
(3) Lead levels in contents and shells of eggs laid by hens dosed with all-lead shot were about twice those in eggs laid by hens dosed with lead-iron shot.
(4) We recommend the shell vial technique for isolation of C. burnetii.
(5) A significant proportion of the soluble protein of the organic matrix of mollusk shells is composed of a repeating sequence of aspartic acid separated by either glycine or serine.
(6) Viral particles in the cultures and the brain were of various sizes and shapes; particles ranged from 70 to over 160 nm in diameter, with a variable position of dense nucleoids and less dense core shells.
(7) But we sent out reconnoitres in the morning; we send out a team in advance and they get halfway down the road, maybe a quarter of the way down the road, sometimes three-quarters of the way down the road – we tried this three days in a row – and then the shelling starts and while I can’t point the finger at who starts the shelling, we get the absolute assurances from the Ukraine government that it’s not them.” Flags on all Australian government buildings will be flown at half-mast on Thursday, and an interdenominational memorial service will be held at St Patrick’s cathedral in Melbourne from 10.30am.
(8) Unless you are part of some Unite-esque scheme to join up as part of a grand revolutionary plan, why would you bother shelling out for a membership card?
(9) Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were considerably elevated in shell-less embryos.
(10) The cultivation of embryos in shell-less culture did not affect the normal macroscopic or histological appearance of the membrane, or the rate of proliferation of its constituent cells, as assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation.
(11) Another friend’s sisters told me that the government building where all the students’ records are stored is in an area where there is frequent shelling and air strikes.
(12) Shell casings littered the main road, tear gas hung in the air and security forces beat local residents.
(13) Carmon Creek is wholly owned by Shell, which said it expected the decision to cost $2bn in its third-quarter results due to impairment, contract provision, redundancy and restructuring charges.
(14) A technique for efficient cytochalasin-induced enucleation was used to prepare "karyoplasts"--nuclei surrounded by a thin shell of cytoplasm and an outer cell membrane.
(15) The difficulty has been increased with the recent Supreme Court decision which it ruled the Alien Tort Claims Act does not apply outside of the country and dismissed a case against Royal Dutch Shell.
(16) We developed a shell vial cell culture assay (SVA) using a cross-reactive monoclonal antibody to the T antigen of simian virus 40 to detect BKV rapidly by indirect immunofluorescence.
(17) On second impacts, the GSI rose considerably because the shell and liner of the DH-151 cracked and the suspension of the "141" stretched during the first blow.
(18) This coincided with increases in shell thickness and shell porosity as power functions of uterine time.
(19) The apoferritin shell is known to assemble spontaneously from its subunits obtained at acid pH upon neutralization.
(20) Whereas psammomatous bodies are located within tubules in compressed residual testicular tissue arranged in a shell-like zone around the tumor mass, dystrophic calcifications and bone and cartilage tissues are identified inside the tumor.
Turtle
Definition:
(n.) The turtledove.
(n.) Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian.
(n.) The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press.
Example Sentences:
(1) To test the hypothesis that reduced ATP production during anoxia was compensated partly by conserving energy through reduced ion leakage, the rate of K+ leakage was measured in normoxic and anoxic turtle brains in which Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase was inhibited with ouabain.
(2) Similarity and difference of the nuclei investigated in the turtles with the thalamic anterior nuclei in lizards, with the anterior and intralaminar nuclei in Mammalia are discussed.
(3) Within two weeks of the inoculation, 42% of the turtles tested were positive for HBsAg, and their reciprocal titers as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and enzyme linked immunoabsorbance assay (ELISA) ranged from 16 to 96.
(4) We have used these anatomical studies on Pseudemys and Mauremys retina to form a catalogue of neural types for the turtle retina in general.
(5) Na+-K+-ATPase activities are 2- to 2.5-fold higher in rat than in turtle brains.
(6) The male is intermediate between the female and the ancestral condition observed in other turtle species.
(7) Sequence identities of sea turtle GH to other species of GH are 89% with chicken GH, 79% with rat GH, 68% with blue shark GH, 58% with eel GH, 59% with human GH, and 40% with a teleostean GH such as chum salmon.
(8) Animals were permitted 3-8 days to come to a new steady-state body temperature (Tb) which ranged 5-32 degrees C. Least squares regression equation for pHi data are: frog blood, 8.184-0.0206 Tb; frog striated muscle, 7.275-0.0152 Tb; turtle blood, 8.092-0.0207Tb; turtle muscle, 7.421-0.0186 Tb; turtle heart, 7.452-0.0122 Tb; turtle liver, 7.753-0.0233 Tb; turtle esophageal smooth muscle, 7.513-0.0141 Tb.
(9) We replicated DNA fingerprints of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) and hypervariable restriction fragments of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to estimate the between-blot and between-lane components of variance in molecular weights of restriction fragments.
(10) With the onset of anoxia, the well-documented rapid increases in GABA found in mammalian brains were not observed in the turtle brain.
(11) Colonic tissue from the turtle (Pseudemys scripta) was exposed in a Ussing chamber to simultaneously applied static and time-varying magnetic fields.
(12) Responses to monochromatic flashes were recorded intracellularly from double cones in the retina of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans.
(13) Applications to turtle (Pseudemys scripta) striated muscle are also explored.
(14) A preparation of turtle (Chrysemys picta and Pseudemys scripta) brain in which the integrity of the intracortical and geniculocortical pathways in visual cortex are maintained in vitro has been used to differentiate the excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor subtypes involved in geniculocortical and intracortical synapses.
(15) Transducer currents were recorded in turtle cochlear hair cells during mechanical stimulation of the hair bundle.
(16) In this investigation the effects of aldosterone on H+ transport are examined in vitro in turtle bladder, a urinary membrane in which several of the factors controlling H+ transport have been defined.
(17) Particularly notable is the evidence of hemoglobin D: this hemoglobin (alpha D2 beta II2) is found only in birds, and in two cases in turtles.
(18) We conclude that there is homeostasis of K, Ca, and Mg in the extracellular fluids of normoxic turtle brain, as in other vertebrates, but that this homeostasis fails during long-term anoxia.
(19) In contrast, adult turtles had very low Cytox activity throughout the central nervous system.
(20) The general conclusions drawn from these studies is that renin secretion in this primitive vertebrate is similar to that in mammals with respect to renal tubular and electrolyte mechanisms, but unlike all mammals tested these turtles do not possess an intrarenal baroreceptor component in renin control.