What's the difference between shuttle and token?

Shuttle


Definition:

  • (n.) An instrument used in weaving for passing or shooting the thread of the woof from one side of the cloth to the other between the threads of the warp.
  • (n.) The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper thread, to make a lock stitch.
  • (n.) A shutter, as for a channel for molten metal.
  • (v. i.) To move backwards and forwards, like a shuttle.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Transfer of the shuttle vectors from B. uniformis donors to E. coli occurred at the same frequencies when the matings were done aerobically or anaerobically.
  • (2) The effects of perinatal malnutrition on behavioural development and adult shuttle-box avoidance performance were studied in Swiss white mice.
  • (3) The chimeric shuttle vector was transformed into strain GS-5, and two transformants (TK15 and TK18) were isolated.
  • (4) The effect of angiotensin II (ATII) and of its interactions with dopaminergic drugs injected post-trial on retention in active avoidance tasks in shuttle-box-trained rats were studied.
  • (5) No effect was observed on the [6-3H]glucose half-life suggesting the dicarboxylic acid shuttle is unaffected by adrenalectomy; the Cori cycle is also not influenced.
  • (6) The implication that attenuation is due to the inhibition of energy transport via a PCr shuttle resulting in the decrease of ATP and accumulation of inhibitory levels of ADP distally has been supported by calculating sperm PCr and ATP levels resulting from diffusion along the flagellum.
  • (7) These results are consistent with data previously obtained by others in the supF shuttle vector system and the CHO aprt gene.
  • (8) The use of a new single long-terminal-repeat retroviral shuttle vector has allowed us to obtain copies of the Ld gene with the first seven exons spliced correctly, as well as many other partially spliced or aberrantly recombined copies.
  • (9) In addition, shuttle vectors that can be established both in Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli have been constructed by adding a pMB9 replicon.
  • (10) To gain insight into the mechanisms by which carcinogens induce mutations in human cells, we have been comparing the frequency and spectrum of mutations induced when a shuttle vector, pS189, carrying covalently bound residues of structurally related carcinogens, replicates in human 293 cells.
  • (11) A possible functional role for LDH isoenzyme X is proposed: the redox couple-2-oxo acid-2-hydroxy acid could integrate a shuttle system transferring reducing equivalents from cytoplasm to mitochondria.
  • (12) In contrast to these enzymes, the levels of cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (cGPDH), the enzyme representative of the alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle, were higher (25%) in the type II fibres.
  • (13) In cells from hypothyroid animals, a 58% depression of glucose formation and 68% reduction in ureogenesis were induced by n-butylmalonate, an inhibitor of the malate shuttle.
  • (14) It has recently been shown that transport of electron opaque tracers can occur via the vesicular system, but the detailed ultrastructure is inconsistent with the transcytotic shuttling of single vesicles.
  • (15) The fragment mediates an increased level of methicillin resistance when inserted into a shuttle vector and transformed back into the sensitive strain generated when the original DNA was deleted.
  • (16) Rats were trained to perform shuttle responses to a buzzer in four different situations: pseudoconditioning or D test (buzzers and footshocks presented at random), classical conditioning or DP test (buzzers and footshocks paired on every trial), avoidance without stimulus pairing or DC test (buzzer-shock intervals varied at random, shocks contingent upon non-emission of a shuttle response to the preceding buzzer), and standard two-way avoidance or DPC test (buzzers paired to shocks, but the latter omitted every time there was shuttling to the buzzer).
  • (17) A Thermus-E. coli shuttle vector pYK109 was constructed.
  • (18) This shuttle may function at specific times to catalytically generate cytosolic NADP+ and in turn regulate enzymes limited by [NADP+].
  • (19) Lack of actin filaments around giant vacuoles in Schlemm's canal indicates that they do not play a role in shuttling aqueous across the endothelium of the canal.
  • (20) In addition, prenatal alcohol exposure produced a deficit in acquisition and performance of a shuttle-avoidance task.

Token


Definition:

  • (n.) Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah.
  • (n.) A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir.
  • (n.) Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc.
  • (n.) A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value.
  • (n.) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death.
  • (n.) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.
  • (n.) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper.
  • (n.) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn.
  • (n.) To betoken.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) You’d know that if you listened to them and saw their presence as more than tokenism.
  • (2) These 2 experiences are often split in bottlefed and token breastfed infants.
  • (3) It’s not about a token nod to curvy girls …”, Cosmo ‘s editor, Bronwyn McCahon, explains in her campaign launch letter : “Showcasing body diversity at both ends of the spectrum has become part of Cosmo’s DNA.
  • (4) By the same token we stopped all association with businesses that make cluster bombs.
  • (5) By the same token, the mast cell is responsible for interactions with inhaled, ingested, and injected antigens that comprise IgE-mediated allergic reactions.
  • (6) A 36-item version of the token test is described together with its administration and scoring instructions.
  • (7) Consequently, steady-state trace inert gas exchange cannot in practice be used to differentiate series from parallel models, but by the same token, if series gas exchange occurs, equivalent parallel analysis is possible.
  • (8) The information included a detailed case description, an audiotape of M's speech obtained at 4, 9, 13, and 17 days post-stroke, and test results from the Western Aphasia Battery, the Token Test, and a battery for apraxia of speech.
  • (9) This schema and framework: (1) acknowledge that the term "breastfeeding" alone is insufficient to describe the numerous types of breastfeeding behavior, (2) distinguish full from partial breastfeeding, (3) subdivide full breastfeeding into categories of exclusive and almost exclusive breastfeeding, (4) differentiate among levels of partial breastfeeding, and (5) recognize that there can be token breastfeeding with little to no nutritional impact.
  • (10) In the second experiment, preadolescent learning-disabled students who were required to read and spell correctly a greater number of words per reward token later spent more time and completed more work for reward tokens in mathematics, and handwriting.
  • (11) A pretest-posttest design containing natural tokens was used to assess the effects of training.
  • (12) Under this, 1% commission was to be paid if the $40m radar deal went through, to a Tanzania-registered firm, Merlin International Ltd. Mr Vithlani was the majority shareholder in Merlin, Mr Somaiya said, while he had a small token interest himself.
  • (13) Total speech tokens increased for 7 of the 8 subjects and diversity of speech sounds increased for 6 subjects.
  • (14) The effects of reward and cost token procedures on the social and academic behavior of two groups of elementary special-education students were assessed using a reversal design.
  • (15) In condition A, the opportunity to self-stimulate was contingent on the payment of tokens (two tokens for 2 minutes of self-stimulation).
  • (16) Wherever the aphasics' performance was worse than that of the controls, the deviancy-scores correlated significantly with the Token Test.
  • (17) a) The token economy may be viewed as a palliative measure to prevent the incredibly regressive effects of institutionalization.
  • (18) Students (N = 32) in two of the schools remained in traditional programs, serving as controls, whereas students (N = 14) in the third school participated in a token reinforcement program.
  • (19) So, by that token, the public would have loathed PMQs and loved the civilised debate on Stafford hospital that followed.
  • (20) d) What the patient learns in a token economic system may not be what the token economy's program director probably intends.