What's the difference between smallpox and variola?
Smallpox
Definition:
(n.) A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized by a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at first a collection of papules which become vesicles (first flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough after a certain time, often leaving a pit, or scar.
Example Sentences:
(1) A direct fluorescent-antibody test for smallpox is described which utilizes a conjugated antivaccinia serum that was purified by diethylaminoethyl fractionation.
(2) A notable example is percutaneous smallpox vaccination together with the intradermal injection of BCG.
(3) A young girl, vaccinated against smallpox 6 years before suffered from a persistent vaccinia virus infection and a congenital skin disease, i.e.
(4) This would prove the early reactions to be allergic responses of organisms sensitized against smallpox vaccine, capable of stimulating antibody formation.
(5) On the basis of the data obtained PHAT could be recommended as a test for the assessment of the immunological efficacy of the smallpox vaccinations.
(6) Vaccinia-specific antibodies were found in 4 human sera collected 6 weeks after smallpox vaccination.The serological results provide the first laboratory evidence of a monkeypox reservoir in wild monkeys.
(7) The last case of virulent smallpox occurred in Bangladesh in October 1975, and of mild smallpox in Ethiopia in August 1976.
(8) Since May 1980 when the 33rd World Health Assembly declared the global eradication of smallpox, WHO has been developing a comprehensive system of surveillance aimed at maintaining the world permanently free from this disease.
(9) Smallpox victims were estimated at 10-15 million each year, of whom 1.5-2.0 million died.
(10) Five instances of side-effects after oral smallpox immunisation (out of 2568 persons orally immunised) are reported.
(11) In 1796, Edward Jenner developed the first effective vaccine against an infectious disease by using cowpox virus to prevent subsequent infection with smallpox.
(12) Subcutaneous sensitization of guinea pigs with -vaccine, and also an intracardiac injection of smallpox or measles vaccine induced production of brain autoantibodies, whereas subcutaneous or intradermal immunization of the animals with liver viral vaccines was not accompanied by the formation of autoantibodies and development of the pathological processes in the nervous system tissue.
(13) If this is verified, we may say farewell to routine smallpox vaccination.
(14) Useful lessons may be drawn from the successful global Smallpox Eradication Program and applied to the current campaign in the areas of surveillance, strategy, operations, and evaluation.
(15) With this immunization schedule it was possible to obtain smallpox antisera containing precipitins (in a titer of 1:32), hemagglutinins (1:1280), and antibody detectable by the indirect immunofluorescence technique (1:2560).
(16) In sequential serum specimens, the radioimmunoassay test indicated fourfold or greater increases in all of the smallpox patients and in six of eight vaccinated persons.
(17) The obstetric outcome (abortions, stillbirths, prematurity, mature births, and congenital abnormalities) in a group of 1522 consecutive pregnant patients who had smallpox vaccinations during recent pregnancies was compared to that in a similar control group of 2024 consecutive pregnant patients who did not receive any antenatal vaccination.
(18) In this pilot study clinical, electrocardiographic, chemical and immunological findings have been studied during a six weeks' follow-up after routine immunisation (mumps, polio, tetanus, smallpox, diphtheria and type A meningococcal disease) among 234 Finnish conscripts at the beginning of their military service.
(19) The history of smallpox is recounted through the eyes of those who bore witness to its terrors.
(20) All were tuberculin-tested and all had received primary smallpox vaccination but had not been vaccinated with BCG.
Variola
Definition:
(n.) The smallpox.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is therefore possible to describe both the viruses as being very close to the variola virus.
(2) On the contrary, the vaccination against variola has to be discontinued.
(3) Household aggregation of cases, one possible characteristic of person-to-person transmitted disease, was formally tested in one epidemic of variola minor by using a pair statistic.
(4) Aerosol mixtures of the psittacosis agent, yellow fever virus, and variola virus were assayed by selective immunofluorescence in conjunction with fluorescent cell counting.
(5) The results also indicate that Cercopithecus aethiops are not very susceptible to infection with either variola major or minor.
(6) Of the three agents, variola virus exhibited the lowest biological decay.
(7) Various strains of vaccinia, variola, whitepox, monkeypox and cowpox viruses were examined for their capacity to induce a specific early antigen detectable on the surface of infected cells.
(8) Furthermore, whereas the specific humoral antibody response in the undernourished subjects was partially adequate, the development of specific cellular immunity against vaccinia was remarkably poor, indicating that smallpox vaccination in these subjects might be less effective against variola infection.
(9) This is strong evidence that monkeypox virus is not ancestral to variola virus and strengthens confidence in the long-term success of smallpox eradication.
(10) Some, from Turkmenistan rodents or from white rats caught near Moscow, appeared to be very close to cowpox virus, while others (from Zaire rodents) were identical to variola-like (whitepox) viruses found earlier in monkeys in the same region.
(11) No student with a previous attack of variola showed any clinical manifestation in any school.
(12) Also shown are the numbers of students with variola and of students without variola but with homemates with variola, by grade and school.
(13) The Chimp-9 and 64-7255 strains differed from the variola virus only in their greater pathogenicity for white mice after intracerebral inoculation.
(14) It was established that microfocus assay of the variola virus in HeLa cell cultures on Microtiter plates is a suitable method for titrating the virus in numerous specimens of small volume.
(15) Trend-surface analysis (TSA), a form of polynomial regression used in geology, ecology and geography, was applied to analysis of the spread of an epidemic of variola minor in a small Brazilian city.
(16) In general, the features are indistinguishable from the papulonecrotic stage of smallpox (variola) and from tanapox as recorded in man.
(17) Endonuclease SmaI cleaves exceptionally infrequently and distinguishes variola, monkeypox, vaccinia, cowpox or ectromelia viruses.
(18) Electropherograms of continuous (8%) and gradient (3 to 30%) gels were made of purified vesicular stomatitis virus, variola virus, Rickettsia rickettsii, and alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin in order to demonstrate the resolution of the gradient system.
(19) The isolated strains produced small necrotic haemorrhagic pocks on CAM, grew well at 39.0 degrees C, formed large plaques in Vero cell cultures, showed markedly more virulence for chick embryos and mice than do variola strains, and produced large necrotic haemorrhagic local lesions with generalized illness and florid secondary exanthem when inoculated into rabbit skin.The finding of smallpox-like illness in humans resulting from infection with a poxvirus of lower animal origin serves to emphasize the importance of thorough epidemiological and laboratory evaluation of all suspect smallpox cases occurring in areas where smallpox has been or is about to be eradicated.
(20) An overall description of the epidemic of variola minor (alastrim) affecting Bragança Paulista County (Brazil) in 1956 is given.