(n.) The visible exhalation, vapor, or substance that escapes, or expelled, from a burning body, especially from burning vegetable matter, as wood, coal, peat, or the like.
(n.) That which resembles smoke; a vapor; a mist.
(n.) Anything unsubstantial, as idle talk.
(n.) The act of smoking, esp. of smoking tobacco; as, to have a smoke.
(n.) To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in the form of vapor or exhalation; to reek.
(n.) Hence, to burn; to be kindled; to rage.
(n.) To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.
(n.) To draw into the mouth the smoke of tobacco burning in a pipe or in the form of a cigar, cigarette, etc.; to habitually use tobacco in this manner.
(n.) To suffer severely; to be punished.
(v. t.) To apply smoke to; to hang in smoke; to disinfect, to cure, etc., by smoke; as, to smoke or fumigate infected clothing; to smoke beef or hams for preservation.
(v. t.) To fill or scent with smoke; hence, to fill with incense; to perfume.
(v. t.) To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.
(v. t.) To ridicule to the face; to quiz.
(v. t.) To inhale and puff out the smoke of, as tobacco; to burn or use in smoking; as, to smoke a pipe or a cigar.
(v. t.) To subject to the operation of smoke, for the purpose of annoying or driving out; -- often with out; as, to smoke a woodchuck out of his burrow.
Example Sentences:
(1) The prenatal risk determined by smoking pregnant woman was studied by a fetal electrocardiogram at different gestational ages.
(2) Children of smoking mothers had an 18.0 per cent cumulative incidence of post-infancy wheezing through 10 years of age, compared with 16.2 per cent among children of nonsmoking mothers (risk ratio 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.21).
(3) They spend about 4.3 minutes of each working hour on a smoking break, the study shows.
(4) No associations were found between sex, body-weight, smoking habits, age, urine volume or urine pH and the O-demethylation of codeine.
(5) A commensurate rise in both smoking and adenocarcinoma has occurred in the Far East where the incidence rate (40%) is twice that of North America or Europe.
(6) In addition, control experiments with naloxone, ethanol, or cigarette smoking alone were performed.
(7) Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration were measured before and during submaximal exercise in 10 male monozygotic twin pairs who were discordant for smoking.
(8) The results indicated that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in craving produced by smoke inhalation.
(9) This study examines the extent to which changes in smoking can account for the decrease in CHD mortality for men and women aged 35-64 years.
(10) However, as all subjects had normal hearing and maximum speech discrimination scores pre-smoking, it can only be concluded that smoking marihuana did not worsen the hearing--the experiments were not designed to see whether it would improve hearing.
(11) Further analysis of these changes according to smoking history, age, preoperative weight, dissection of IMA, and aortic cross-clamp time showed that only IMA dissection affected the postextubation changes in peak expiratory flow rate (p less than 0.0001), whereas the decreases in functional residual capacity and expiratory reserve volume at discharge were affected by IMA dissection (p less than 0.05) and age (p = 0.01).
(12) It has been speculated that these cigarette smoke-induced alterations contribute to the depressed pulmonary defense mechanisms commonly demonstrated in smokers.
(13) We ganged up against the tweed-suited, pipe-smoking brigade.
(14) The history of tobacco production and marketing is sketched, and the literature on chronic diseases related to smoking is summarized for the Pacific region.
(15) Exposure to whole cigarette smoke from reference cigarettes results in the prompt (peak activity is 6 hrs), but fairly weak (similar to 2 fold), induction of murine pulmonary microsomal monooxygenase activity.
(16) The authors compared the prevalence of atopy in 103 patients with lung cancer (a model of mucosal cancer), 51 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease matched for age, sex, and smoking habits with patients with lung cancer, and 102 healthy control subjects.
(17) Possible explanations of the clinical gains include 1) psychological encouragement, 2) improvements of mechanical efficiency, 3) restoration of cardiovascular fitness, thus breaking a vicous circle of dyspnoea, inactivity and worsening dyspnoea, 4) strengthening of the body musculature, thus reducing the proportion of anaerobic work, 5) biochemical adaptations reducing glycolysis in the active tissues, and 6) indirect responses to such factors as group support, with advice on smoking habits, breathing patterns and bronchial hygiene.
(18) There are many factors influencing these students to start smoking.
(19) Adjustment for possible mechanisms correlated with social class (marital status, smoking, time of first antenatal visit) decreased the higher occurrence of low birthweight infants in the low educational groups.
(20) These results suggest that weight change during smoking reduction and cessation may be primarily due to changes in factors other than caloric intake or activity.
Typhus
Definition:
(n.) A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks, attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and marked by a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also called jail fever, famine fever, putrid fever, spottled fever, etc. See Jail fever, under Jail.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicated a very good comparability between the dot-blot assay and IF-tests, and this dot-blot method was ascertained as a simple and useful method for the scrub typhus serodiagnosis.
(2) Commercial antigens of R. prowazekii may be used for the diagnosis of the typhus group rickettsiosis by the new solid-phase indirect enzyme immunoassay (SPI EIA).
(3) In the present work a prospective study on murine typhus was carried out in Chalkis General Hospital in 1985, is presented.
(4) None of the patients was suspected of having abdominal typhus at the time of admittance.
(5) Since human endothelial cells are known to retain their in vivo structural and functional qualities when cultured in vitro, it is likely that these effects are similar to those which occur during the infectious process in human scrub typhus.
(6) A new endemic focus of Queensland tick typhus was defined when two cases of Rickettsia australis infection were recognized in Sydney.
(7) We examined the ability of monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocyte surface antigens to block the lysis of typhus group rickettsia-infected cells by lymphokine-activated killer effectors.
(8) Selection of mutants of a low pathogenic strain E of R. prowazekii is a trend in genetic investigation of this Rickettsia species and one of the approaches to stabilizing the strain avirulent properties with a purpose of using in vaccine prophylaxis of typhus.
(9) The monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify R. prowazekii and R. mooseri and solve the problem of differentiating Rickettsiae of typhus group.
(10) Meadow voles exposed to house dust mites from the homes of patients did not develop serologic or pathologic evidence of infection due to rickettsiae in the spotted fever and typhus groups or Coxiella burnetii.
(11) The protective activity of chemical typhus vaccine and R. prowazekii corpuscular radioantigen (CRA) was studied.
(12) Early rising IgM titers followed by rising IgG titers were demonstrated by ELISA in three patients with primary scrub typhus infections, whereas the IgG response predominated in a patient with a reinfection.
(13) It was concluded that a relatively broad antigenic relationship exists between rickettsiae of the typhus and spotted fever groups.
(14) The author presents an account of phagotypes of 70 strains of Salmonella paratyphi B isolated in 1986-1991 incl., from patients suffering from typhus B and registered carriers, isolates from river water and also from three new cases of carriers in Czechoslovakia.
(15) Formation of typhus immunity was seen when such chemoprophylaxis scheme was followed.
(16) Between 1954 and 1963, typhus, both epidemic and recrudescent, has been studied in Bosnia.
(17) Results indicated that the latex agglutination test was sensitive and specific and would serve well as a first-line screening test for murine typhus.
(18) The significance of antibody cytophilic for macrophages in typhus infections is discussed.
(19) The first group consists of pair combinations of vaccines that cannot exert any influence on immunogenicity of cause the development of frequent post-vaccination reaction or temporary disability (typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever vaccines).
(20) A new assay is described for enumerating biologically active typhus rickettsiae (Madrid E strain), based on adsorption of rickettsiae to erythrocytes in the presence of NaF (which allows adsorption but not lysis) and lysis in the presence of anti-Rickettsia prowazeki immune serum (which allows only a single round of lysis).