What's the difference between solanidine and solanine?
Solanidine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid produced by the decomposition of solanine, as a white crystalline substance having a harsh bitter taste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Solanidine and total alkaloid concentrations in serum and saliva during the summer are given for a group of subjects from the UK and a group from Sweden.
(2) High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to separate the following steroidal alkaloids: tomatidine, solanidine, solasodine, rubijervine, veratramine and jervine.
(3) Gly70 BCHE variants also displayed lower binding as compared with Asp70 BCHE to cholinergic drugs, certain choline esters and solanidine.
(4) Conversely, sprouts of Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) contained 67% of its alkaloids as glycosides, which was freed only upon hydrolysis with the remaining 33% present as free solanidine.
(5) Since these two compounds differ only in the nature of the carbohydrate side chain attached to the 3-OH group of solanidine, the side chain appears to be an important factor in governing teratogenicity.
(6) The presence of the Gly-70 mutation alone was found to render the enzyme resistant to 100 microM solanidine and 5 mM succinylcholine; concentrations sufficient to inhibit the "normal," Asp-70 containing BuChE by over 50%.
(7) The major metabolite appeared to be the aglycone, solanidine.
(8) Measurement of solanidine in body fluid would be expected to establish the real incidence of acute toxicity and help to resolve the question of any chronic toxicity including teratogenicity.
(9) There was a significant correlation between serum solanidine concentration and normal dietary intake of potato by the individual concerned.
(10) The infectivity of herpes simplex virus Type I in tissue culture was inhibited by prior incubation with aqueous suspensions of glycoalkaloids in order of activity alpha-chaconine greater than alpha-tomatine greater than alpha-solasonine but not by the corresponding aglycones, solanidine, tomatidine and solasodine.
(11) When two subjects abstained from potato and its products serum solanidine fell markedly and became minimal after the second week onwards.
(12) The aglycones demissidine, solanidine and solasodine were less toxic than the glycosides alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine.
(13) The development of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and quantification of potato glycoalkaloids and their aglycone solanidine in blood serum is reported.
(14) Radioimmunoassay methods are described for measuring potentially toxic potato glycoalkaloids and the aglycone solanidine in human serum and saliva.
(15) Solanidine, a steroidal alkaloid, and its glycosides have been reported to have caused poisoning in man and animals.
(16) The "atypical" allelic variant of human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) can be characterized by its failure to bind the local anesthetic dibucaine, the muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and the naturally occurring steroidal alkaloid solanidine, all assumed to bind to the charged anionic site component within the normal BuChE enzyme.
(17) Solanidine was detected in some samples, but there were no traces of the mono- or diglycosides.
(18) To assess whether reported toxicities of potato-derived glycoalkaloids could be the result of interactions with cellular DNA, the genotoxic effects of alpha-solanine, alpha-chaconine and solanidine were studied, using the Ames test (Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100), the mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test and the mouse transplacental micronucleus test.
(19) The anomalously narrow margin between the solanidine alkaloid content reported for normal and toxic potatoes might perhaps result from an excessive synthesis by the latter of additional, related steroids, such as sapogenins and saponins, which, by promoting gastrointestinal absorption or other means, might enhance the toxicity of solanidine alkaloid.
(20) Because of similarities in saponin-like activity and structure of solasodine glycoalkaloids to the solanidine glycoalkaloids of potato sprouts, the glycoalkaloids of S. dulcamara and S. eleagnifolium were probably the agents responsible for the lesions observed.
Solanine
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of common nightshade (Solanum nigrum), and of bittersweet, and from potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having an acrid, burning taste; -- called also solonia, and solanina.
Example Sentences:
(1) A new analytical method for quantitative determination of solanine and chaconine in potato tubers, sprouts and leaves has been developed: a) The extraction with pyridine causes a careful isolation of glycoalkaloids; b) the glycoalkaloids are determined by gaschromatography after silylation.
(2) ODC activity was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 24hr after alpha-solanine was given.
(3) The amount of solanine in potato waste recovered after the meal was excessive as assessed by its anticholinesterase activity.
(4) The amount of alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine in the flesh and peel of potatoes from a bag (B) known to have been left from the previous term was high.
(5) The Ames test for mutagenicity with alpha-solanine was weakly positive in TA100 with S-9 activation (29 revertants per millimole per plate).
(6) An equivalent amount of extract of healthy potatoes of the same variety and injection of pure solanine had the same effect.
(7) Mice receiving unripened fruit from early in the season had gastrointestinal tissue changes consistent with solanine toxicity.
(8) Potato alkaloids can cause death when parenterally administered, and is attributed to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of solanine and chaconine.
(9) However, inhibition was not only dependent on the presence of a sugar moiety since the glycone alpha-solanine was inactive under the conditions used.
(10) It is concluded that by virtue of either its stimulatory or its inhibitory effect on cell growth, alpha-solanine could act as a human teratogen.
(11) alpha-Solanine and alpha-chaconine were detected in all blood serum samples collected from seven volunteers 1-25 h after a meal of potatoes.
(12) Animals dosed with unripened fruit from the latter part of the year showed behavioral signs suggestive of solanine toxicity, however gastrointestinal lesions were not observed.
(13) Low concentrations of alpha-solanine stimulated the growth of cultured human fibroblasts, while higher concentrations (greater 30 mug ml-1) had a markedly inhibitory effect.
(14) Such common ingredients as nitrates and nitrites, solanine, cyanogenetic compounds, arsenic, etc., are unavoidably consumed in the diet and with little if any evidence for public health consequences.
(15) The results warrant the claim that the main factor responsible for the direct embryotoxicity of potatoes attacked by P. infestans is solanine, which evokes tonic contraction of the smooth muscle elements of the amnion.
(16) In potatoes, two major indigenous compounds are alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine, which are human plasma cholinesterase inhibitors and teratogens in animals.
(17) Feulgen microdensitometry of cells treated with high doses of alpha-solanine revealed an abnormal accumulation of cells in G2.
(18) These were the glycoalkaloids alpha-solanine and alpha-tomatine and the steroid glycosides gitoxin, lanatoside A and digitonin.
(19) The inhibition by solanine of the active calcium transport in the rat intestine was found to be noncompetitive, the inhibitory constant being 25 microM.
(20) Substances occurring naturally in food like trypsin inhibitors, solanine and cumarin.