(1) Primer extension analysis was employed to identify a promoter upstream from the spaE gene, which appears to define the 5' end of the spa operon, which contains four other ORFs (Y. J. Chung, M. T. Steen, and J. N. Hansen, J. Bacteriol.
(2) An 851-residue open reading frame (ORF) called SpaE has been discovered in the subtilin (spa) operon.
(3) Despite the strong sequence homology between SpaE and NisB, the spaE and nisB genes occupy very different locations in their respective operons, indicating that they have been evolving separately for a long time.
(4) SpaE shows strong homology to NisB, which is in the nisin (nis) operon in Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454.
(5) Two modifier genes, a third chromosome suppressor, su(lz34k), and a fourth chromosome enhancer, spae(lz), have been previously described and their effects on the various mutant characters of the lozenge34k phenotype were the basis of this study.
(6) the Pco2 became lower as the time to the cessation of respiration became longer in cyanide group, and it was considered to diffusion of CO2 into extravascular spae method, described by Oya and coworkers was modified.