What's the difference between specular and spicular?
Specular
Definition:
(a.) Having the qualities of a speculum, or mirror; having a smooth, reflecting surface; as, a specular metal; a specular surface.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a speculum; conducted with the aid of a speculum; as, a specular examination.
(a.) Assisting sight, as a lens or the like.
(a.) Affording view.
Example Sentences:
(1) In a prospective study begun in March 1986, specular-microscopic endothelial cell photographs were taken in non-selected patients with primary, chronic, open-angle glaucoma who had not had intraocular surgery.
(2) This structure corresponds in distribution to the skin along the back of the fetus and likely represents a specular reflection from the skin surface.
(3) The effects of osmotic stress on corneal endothelium were investigated by exposing rabbit corneas to anisosmotic conditions, and then perfusing the corneas with isosmotic glutathione bicarbonate Ringer solution for 4 hr at 35 degrees C. During the perfusion, endothelial function was assessed by measuring corneal thickness with a specular microscope.
(4) Specular microscopic examination of the endothelium after the application of iodoacetamide showed progressive degradation of the integrity of the cellular structure; after 6 hr, there were no discernible cell borders.
(5) We developed an apparatus for automated morphometry of the corneal endothelium, which was photographed through a specular microscope connected to a video camera, and the images were stored on a video tape.
(6) Endothelial specular photography during an attack reveals dramatic changes: large black nonreflecting areas between quite normal-looking hexagonal cells.
(7) 1) In polishing the axial surface of the inner crown of the conic telescope crown system, the milling machine with a polishing disk facilitated specular finishing without causing undercutting in the region from the occlusal surface to the dental cervix.
(8) The specular photomicrographic characteristics were similar to those of fibroblast-like cells and foreign-body giant cells, which had been shown on the surfaces of extracted implanted intraocular lenses by the lens implant cytology technique.
(9) Excellent photographs of corneal endothelial cells may be obtained during clinical examinations with the specular microscope.
(10) Specular microscopy and computer-assisted morphometry was used to quantify central and peripheral endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (COV) and the mean and standard deviation of the shape factor (S) over an 18-month period.
(11) We present applications to speckle reduction, detection of specular reflectors, attenuation estimation and ultrasound imaging.
(12) An off-specular peak, located at an angle of reflection considerably different from the angle of incidence, was observed to have an intensity comparable with that of the specular reflection peak.
(13) While some deep corneal opacities are easily diagnosed clinically, the nature of others may be difficult to determine and specular microscopy is a valuable aid in such cases.
(14) This synergistic combination did not alter donor human corneal morphology under specular microscopy, nor did it inhibit rabbit corneal endothelial cell division preserved and propagated in antifungal supplemented MK medium.
(15) In cases with pseudoprecipitates examination of the corneal endothelium with the specular microscope does not reveal any specific findings, only an edema of the corneal endothelium (so-called cornea pseudoguttata).
(16) An original system of grading of the corneal endothelial specular reflection, as assessed with a Haag-Streit 900 slit-lamp biomicroscope, has been shown to have a very highly significant relation to the endothelial cell density measured by contact specular photomicroscopy.
(17) Specular microscopy provides a level of magnification and differentiation of detail which approaches that of a histological examination, and has the advantage of being a noninvasive procedure.
(18) The resins characterized for Black patients had a higher degree of specular reflectance and were more opaque than resins for Caucasians.
(19) Endothelial repair was then studied using specular microscopy, histological staining, pachymetry, and autoradiographic analysis of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into nuclear DNA.
(20) Observations were made with the aid of several microscopic techniques: light and specular microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy.
Spicular
Definition:
(a.) Resembling a dart; having sharp points.
Example Sentences:
(1) The male presents two caudal lateral alae, a membranous caudal bursa supported by two forked expansions, a spicule 405-536 microns long and a non-spiny spicular sheath.
(2) The spicular needle introduced painlessly into the muscles studied, served as an active electrode connected by a fine cord to a clamp of the electric pulser.
(3) X-rays findings are spicular protuberances at diaphyses in a "cloudy collar" image.
(4) The bovine xenograft demonstrated bone immediately adjacent to the material with evidence of spicular ingrowth of bone into the natural clefts of the prosthesis.
(5) It has been found that: the body of male terminates with two processes with a single large papilla, in its distal part surrounded by cuticular pseudobursa formed from four cuticular lobes; spicular sheath non spiny has a transversely-oblique striation; two lateral bacillary bands extend along whole body; number of stichocytes equals 38-42 and 42-45 in males and females respectively; vulva of gravid females appears sometimes with vulvar appendage.
(6) n. differs from both in the structural details of the spicules and in having a higher spicular ratio.
(7) Spicular deposits by acellular SEM appear as tapering conical formations interconnected by a delicate branching network of fibrils, which imparts a higher degree of organization than previously appreciated by two-dimensional LM and TEM.
(8) V. torea is characterised by the possession of doubly bifid apices to the long spicule and absence of a subterminal spicular spur; presence of six preanal papillae, the first and second widely spaced: the muscular region of the oesophagus constituting about one quarter of the total length of the oesophagus.
(9) Pure ILCs were less frequently round (1% vs 11%) and more frequently spicular (28% vs 23%) or with architectural distortion (18% vs 6%) than the other breast carcinomas.
(10) Structural analysis, including electron diffraction and X-ray microanalysis, showed electron-dense, spicular deposits, which were composed mainly of finely crystallized hydroxyapatite.
(11) Partial excision of the tumor was performed, but the affected bone was left because of her advanced age, even though thinning and spicular formation of the frontal bone were observed beneath the tumor in places.
(12) By immunofluorescence technique and by using an antibody specifically generated against this protein, CBP180 is mainly localized in primary mesenchyme cells and spicular syncytium of the pluteus larva.
(13) The analysis resulted in five features: (a) size, (b) roundness, (c) spicularity, (d) eccentricity and (e) central gray level distribution.
(14) Calcium peaks of variable intensity were detected in inclusions which contained very electron-dense spicular material and which were localized to muscle cells at the peripheries of the infarcts.
(15) The results are interpreted to indicate that the destabilization of the lipid bilayer in sickled cells, expressed by the enhanced flip-flop of PC and the exposure of PS in the outer monolayer, occurs predominantly in those parts of the membrane that are in spicular form.
(16) Florid spicular arrangement was another representative feature.
(17) Glomerular amyloid deposition was divided on the basis of morphological characteristics, into four types: a mesangial nodular type showing nodular mesangial deposits with sparse capillary wall involvement (25 cases), a mesangio-capillary type disclosing diffuse amyloid deposition in the mesangium and along both sides of the glomerular basement membrane (19 cases), a perimembranous type principally involving the subepithelial side of the basement membrane invariably characterized by exuberant spicular arrangement (6 cases), and a hilar type showing amyloid deposits almost exclusively in hilar arterioles (11 cases).
(18) The parasite is characterized mainly by the structure of the male caudal end (presence of two large postanal papillae and the cuticular bursa supported by two caudal lobes), the length of a spicule (0.258-0.297 mm), the presence of a non-spiny spicular sheath, shape of the female end, structure of the stichosome (23-30 stichocytes present), and the size of the eggs.
(19) In addition to the hepatic differentiation, the tumor had differentiated into intestinal absorptive or pancreatobiliary tract cells, as deduced from the frequent presence of spicular bodies, a unique light microscopic feature equivalent to microvilli with an actin core.
(20) Two human renal biopsies containing glomerular amyloid deposits organized into spicular formations (spicular amyloid) were studied by scanning electron microscopy following removal of the cellular components (acellular SEM).