(n.) A muscle which surrounds, and by its contraction tends to close, a natural opening; as, the sphincter of the bladder.
(a.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sphincter; as, a sphincter muscle.
Example Sentences:
(1) We suggest that neuronal PACAP may serve to modulate motor activity and secretion in the lower esophageal sphincter region.
(2) Although it is known that the sphincter of Oddi exhibits a myoelectric response to intraluminal nutrients, the effect of specific dietary components has not been well characterized.
(3) Fourteen patients were examined one to four years after cricopharyngeal myotomy that had been carried out because of dysfunction of the pharyngo-esophageal sphincter.
(4) The paper postulates that 'anal or sphincter defensiveness' is one of the precursors of the repression barrier.
(5) In 36 patients plastic reconstruction of the urinary bladder, sphincter and urethra was performed with local tissues after the Young technic in the G. A. Bairov modification.
(6) 12 children (38%) showed modifications of bladder-sphincter equilibrium, without acquiring socially sufficient continence.
(7) We found that in the patient's view an adequate result requires establishment of a proper lip sphincter--either by restoring muscular tone, or by creating an anatomical framework to which can be added either a motor unit or stabilization to aid the opposite intact muscle.
(8) Extensive drainage procedures were avoided to preserve the anal sphincter.
(9) Changes in pupil size indicated a substantial cholinergic effect on the iridal sphincter musculature.
(10) The dumping-syndrome is a severe complication of gastric surgery after operations which destroy or weaken the sphincter mechanism of the pylorus.
(11) This appears to be caused by persistent reflux of gastric juice across a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter.
(12) During phase III of the interdigestive period maximal frequency of sphincter of Oddi phasic contractions blocks bile flow into the duodenum.
(13) Preliminary electromyography showed the external sphincter to be displaced from the anus in nine patients.
(14) Using concurrent videoendoscopy and manometry, glottal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) responses to abrupt esophageal distention by air injection (10-60 mL) and balloon distention (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 cm) were recorded simultaneously.
(15) Multiple factors contribute to the production of esophagitis in gastroesophageal reflux (GER), but the respective roles of esophageal (i. e. lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone, peristalsis) and gastric factors (i. e. acid secretion and gastric emptying) are not well known.
(16) Pyloric sphincter pressure was assessed with water-perfused polyvinyl tubes.
(17) The frequent occurrence of delayed drainage in these asymptomatic post-cholecystectomy volunteers challenges the validity of the 45-min delayed drainage criterion for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
(18) Concurrent sphincteric incontinence and organic impotence are not uncommon; they can be caused by many congenital and acquired conditions.
(19) In both normals and patients, amplitude and duration of contractions were more at 5 cm than at 10 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter.
(20) This improvement in continence was not associated with any change in sphincter pressures or in the continence to rectally infused saline but was associated with significant improvements in rectal sensation.
Stricture
Definition:
(n.) Strictness.
(n.) A stroke; a glance; a touch.
(n.) A touch of adverse criticism; censure.
(n.) A localized morbid contraction of any passage of the body. Cf. Organic stricture, and Spasmodic stricture, under Organic, and Spasmodic.
Example Sentences:
(1) A total of 104 evaluable patients 20-90 years old treated by direct vision internal urethrotomy a.m. Sachse for urethral strictures reported retrospectively via a questionnaire their sexual potency before and after internal urethrotomy.
(2) Results demonstrate that the development of biliary strictures is strongly associated with the duration of cold ischemic storage of allografts in both Euro-Collins solution and University of Wisconsin solution.
(3) Partial success was seen in 6 patients (20.5%) with symptom, but not stricture, recurrence.
(4) We present our experience with the self-expanding urethral endoprosthesis Wallstent for the treatment of recurrent posterior urethral strictures.
(5) Few basic investigations have addressed the problem of common bile duct strictures.
(6) They confirm the efficiency of the ureteral catheterisation as therapy of the strictures, especially in the initial stages of the disease.
(7) The head and body of the pancreas between the stricture and the duodenum were normal.
(8) Strictured hepaticojejunal anastomoses can be surgically repaired with excellent results.
(9) The patient had associated congenital abnormalities of urethral stricture, hypoplastic thumb, and absent radial pulse.
(10) And even after the disintegration of stone with ESWL, hydronephrosis remained due to ureteral stricture with small stone fragments.
(11) The incidence of leakage, fistula formation, luminal stricture, peristalsis disturbance, lining loss, the quality of surface restoration, bursting strength, and wound healing were evaluated.
(12) Extracorporeal shockwave lithothripsy was very helpful in facilitating extraction of stones in unfavorable locations or located above the severe stricture.
(13) Persistent reflux causing cycles of mucosal damage followed by healing may eventually lead to end-stage disease, with development of peptic stricture.
(14) Mortality and morbidity were related to the following: (1) level of stricture; (2) number of previous attempts at repair; and (3) adequacy of reconstruction.
(15) There was no evidence of ischaemic necrosis or ureteric stricture formation.
(16) We consider that the rarity of stricture rules out the necessity of any change in management, whether or not erosive oesophagitis is observed at endoscopy.
(17) We prospectively collected brushings and bile for cytology in 30 consecutive patients with bile duct strictures (17 malignant, 13 benign) who were assessed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.
(18) The Wallstent biliary endoprosthesis is a mesh of stainless steel that is delivered percutaneously over a 7-French catheter but expands to achieve a 1-cm lumen when released across a bile-duct stricture.
(19) Results suggested that immediate proper assessment of the oesophagus and institution of appropriate therapy may reduce the incidence of complications associated with treatment of subsequent stricture formation.
(20) Clogging of endoscopic stents necessitates their replacement in many patients with malignant obstructive jaundice and limits their use in benign strictures.