What's the difference between spicule and spinule?
Spicule
Definition:
(n.) A minute, slender granule, or point.
(n.) Same as Spicula.
(n.) Any small calcareous or siliceous body found in the tissues of various invertebrate animals, especially in sponges and in most Alcyonaria.
Example Sentences:
(1) Almost nothing is known about nature and timing of the embryonic cues which induce or initiate spicule formation by these cells.
(2) X-ray examination disclosed a spicule formation surrounding the osteolytic focus in the mandible.
(3) Bone spicule pigmentation increased in 41 of 76 patients for whom we could make comparisons over a three-year interval (54%).
(4) In morphology it is similar to D. bargusinica Skrjabin 1917, D. campanae Anderson 1959, D. dollfusi Anderson 1959, and D. epsilon Johnston and Mawson 1940, but can be separated from these species by combinations of trident size and spicule size and morphology.
(5) Characteristics features of this species (only males were found) are the small size of body, size and type of spicules, shape of tail and arrangement of caudal papillae.
(6) Two different types of spicules in male Enterobius were also observed in Korea.
(7) The border was assessed for a smooth, irregular, or spiculated margin.
(8) The authors had under observation 21 patients with diastematomyelia--a rare congenital disease marked by the formation of a bony spicule in the vertebral canal, which splits the spinal cord and its meninges.
(9) In both studies, the poikilocytes were identified as echinocytes, spiculated erythrocytes, and schizocytes.
(10) The girdle epidermis of adult Mopalia muscosa secretes several types of structures, including calcareous spicules and innervated hairs.
(11) Deposits consisted of dense aggregations of randomly entangled spicules spreading within bundles of collagen fibrils.
(12) From the above results, it was evident that both the matrix vesicles derived from functioning osteoblast, and the vesicular structures derived from the degenerated or dead cells concurrently phagocytosing spicules and collagen fibrils were involved in the initial calcification process of the membranous bone in vitro.
(13) We present the first two cases of vertebral metastases from prostatic carcinoma with spicule formation giving rise to osseous spinal stenosis and neurological deficits, best demonstrated by CT.
(14) Their dendrites also bear fine spicules and usually reach the tectal surface.
(15) Methylmercuric chloride produced an irregularity of cell shape with spicules including the final stage of spherocytes.
(16) Three male siblings, born of nonconsanguineous parents, manifested the characteristic paravenous bone spicule accumulation typically seen in pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy.
(17) They differ from D. ramachandrani in their location in the host, the tail length, the shape of the spicules, and in the number of caudal papillae.
(18) At the same time the red cells became crenated and developed thorny spicules (echinocytes).
(19) We believe that these spicules correspond to the reorganization of the stroma along the edges of the corneal incision.
(20) Despite the variability of some characters such as length of tail and spicules, arrangment of caudal papillae, these species are well characterized by a set of elements, the two most important of which are the female cuticle and the anatomy of the microfilariae.
Spinule
Definition:
(n.) A minute spine.
Example Sentences:
(1) The formation of these spinules is paralleled by the appearance of color opponency in horizontal and ganglion cells, which led to the suggestion that these spinules are the site of the inhibitory synapses in the negative feedback loop between cones and horizontal cells.
(2) Besides, there is an evidence of microphagocytic interactions, particularly between pre- and postsynaptic elements, as shown by the presence of so-called spinules.
(3) The formation of the spinules in the light and their disappearance in darkness have a time course of minutes and are modulated by the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, respectively.
(4) Spinules were expressed in the light when dopamine activity was high and they were retracted when dopamine activity was reduced during darkness.
(5) Increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations by adding a membrane permeable analogue, or by stimulating the adenylate cyclase and simultaneously blocking the degradation of cAMP, resulted in a significant increase of spinule numbers in spite of the absence of light.
(6) Following background illumination cone horizontal cells exhibit high light responsiveness and HCTs give rise to a lot of long, fingerlike or ball-like extensions, called slender or round spinules.
(7) The negative feed-back interaction between horizontal cells (HCs) and cones in the cyprinid fish retina is thought to be mediated by horizontal cell spinules.
(8) We have studied whether prevention of light-dependent spinule formation would indeed affect an S-potential component (the red-sensitive depolarization in H2 horizontal cells), known to depend on such negative feed-back.
(9) Spinules (finger-like extensions of horizontal cell dendrites) have been suggested to mediate these interactions in retinae of teleost fish.
(10) Spinules are especially prominent at around 12 months of age in perforated synapses, and the overall negative curvature of the young junctions is replaced by positively curved junctions from 4 months onwards.
(11) Thus light responsiveness of the cone horizontal cells seems to be well correlated with the number of spinules.
(12) The laterally-positioned dendrites had incompletely formed spinules associated with them.
(13) This component, which we term the synaptic spinule, is found in dendritic spine synapses in rat telencephalon (e.g., hippocampus, caudate nucleus, temporal and frontal cortex).
(14) The spinule-forming effect of phorbol esters is not mediated by dopaminergic neurons, since the effect is also seen in retinas depleted of dopaminergic neurons.
(15) We recently described spine-like protrusions (spinules) from the synaptic terminals of mixed rod-cone (Mb) bipolar cells of goldfish retina that invaginated about 5% of the presynaptic amacrine cell processes (Yazulla and Studholme, J Comp Neurol 310:11, 1991).
(16) 'Perforated' synapses in alcohol-treated animals were abundant, with small spinules displaying different aspects according to the plane of section.
(17) We also describe the first instar in W. magnifica to differentiate it from that belonging to Sarcophaga species, paying special attention to disposition of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior peritremes, and spinulation on the last 3 segments.
(18) It is speculated that the synaptic spinule may play a role in exchange of material at dendritic spine synaptic junctions.
(19) Second, spinules were sevenfold more frequent after dark adaptation than light adaptation (8% vs. 1.2% of the presynaptic processes were invaginated by spinules).
(20) Coated vesicles are sometimes observed associated with the synaptic spinule; in all such instances they are associated with the presynaptic membrane.