What's the difference between spine and supraspinal?
Spine
Definition:
(n.) A sharp appendage to any of a plant; a thorn.
(n.) A rigid and sharp projection upon any part of an animal.
(n.) One of the rigid and undivided fin rays of a fish.
(n.) The backbone, or spinal column, of an animal; -- so called from the projecting processes upon the vertebrae.
(n.) Anything resembling the spine or backbone; a ridge.
Example Sentences:
(1) Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated previous LBP or back pain in another location of the spine were strongly associated with LBP during the study year.
(2) In contrast, the ryanodine receptor is observed in dendritic shafts, but not in the spines.
(3) We reviewed the results of intraoperative monitoring of short-latency cortical evoked potentials in 81 patients who underwent surgical procedures of the cervical spine.
(4) Unrecognized flexion injuries of the cervical spine may lead to late instability and neurologic damage.
(5) The present case indicates that the possibility of osseous spines impinging on the facial nerve should be considered in all cases of facial spasm.
(6) The results of conventional sciatic nerve stretching tests are usually evaluated regardless of patient age, gender or movements of the hip joint and spine.
(7) The correlation of posterior intervertebral (facet) joint tropism (asymmetry), degenerative facet disease, and intervertebral disc disease was reviewed in a retrospective study of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine from 100 patients with complaints of low back pain and sciatica.
(8) Lumbosacral spine films revealed only minimal degenerative changes, while lumbar myelogram showed L4-L5 and L5-S1 ventral extradural defects.
(9) This paper presents a comparison of the diagnostic value of CT studies and conventional radiological diagnosis, based on 46 CT studies, in patients with inflammatory bone lesions of the spine (n = 20) before and after surgical interventions (n = 12).
(10) Specimens from the bone marrow taken were by trephine biopsy from the sternum, ala ossis ilii and spine.
(11) Quite the contrary, in cases of higher nervous activity disturbances, destruction of the organelles and desintegration of spine apparatuses is clearly pronounced.
(12) The left scapula in each dog was treated by open reduction and plating of the scapular spine.
(13) In general, the cerebellum showed a much delayed developmental pattern with regard to Purkinje cell spine formation.
(14) The effects exerted on the cervical spine by a traction of 150 N was studied by means of an improved radiographic technique.
(15) In the perineuronal neuropil of large pyramidal neurons (layers V-VI) there appear symmetric synapses with pyramidal cells, dendritic processes and dendritic spines.
(16) For conservative treatment of injuries of the cervical spine, two different methods are available: The HALO fixator and the collar.
(17) Whereas in flexion stress all methods showed a sufficient stability, the rotation tests proved, that in case of a dorsal instability of the lower cervical spine, posterior interlaminar wiring or anterior plate stabilization showed no reliable stabilization effect.
(18) Recommendations are made suggesting closer scrutiny of this region of the spine.
(19) Differentiation from synovial or ganglion cysts of the spine is discussed.
(20) To avoid the complications attributable to the cervical spine, we recommend roentgenographic examination in all neurofibromatosis patients who are about to have general anesthesia or skull traction for treatment of scoliosis.
Supraspinal
Definition:
(a.) Situated above the vertebral column.
(a.) Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate; supraspinous.
Example Sentences:
(1) Recently, direct pathways from the dorsolateral pons to the ON, probably involved in supraspinal micturition control, have been reported (Holstege et al., 1986).
(2) These results indicate that, contrary to a previous report, opioid receptors in the spinal cord display up-regulation and supersensitivity and are no different in this regard from supraspinal receptors.
(3) A recently developed series of highly selective and systemically active delta-agonists such as Tyr-X-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr(OtBu), with X = D-Ser (OtBu) in BUBU and X = D-Cys(OtBu) in BUBUC, and complete inhibitors of enkephalin metabolism (Kelatorphan, RB 38A, RB 101) have enabled the major role played by mu-opioid receptors in supraspinal analgesia to be demonstrated.
(4) In contrast, spinal bombesin requires communication to supraspinal sites in order for its gut effects to occur, suggesting activation of a common outflow pathway from the central nervous system.
(5) Inhibitory actions of theophylline, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, were evaluated against effects evoked by opioid receptor-selective agonists administered at spinal or supraspinal sites.
(6) evoked during gait most probably reflect the processing of this group II input by supraspinal motor centres for the coordination of widespread arm and trunk muscle activation, necessary to restablish body equilibrium.
(7) These observations suggest that forelimb crossed extension reflexes involve both spinal and supraspinal (SBS) loop mechanisms, and that these are utilized during stepping, with the latter mechanism in particular playing an important part in the extension phase of the forelimb forward movement.
(8) From a comparison of activation by strychnine and picrotoxin in normal and chronically decapitated embryos it was deduced that a spinal and a supraspinal component participated in their effect.
(9) 4 We conclude that there is little evidence that the supraspinal action of morphine includes increased descending controls and depression of dorsal horn neurones in the rat.
(10) Experiments were performed in order to investigate whether the capacity of periodic motor excitation in rats during early postnatal life is the intrinsic feature of immature spinal cord or it is caused by supraspinal input.
(11) In amphibians, which lack the isocortical structures shown in mammals to initiate and control voluntary movements, supraspinal motor control systems have received surprisingly little attention.
(12) In these animals the sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons were isolated from their supraspinal afferents.
(13) Sharp augmentation of the H-reflex occurs at the beginning of agonist voluntary activation due to interaction between the reflex and the voluntary muscular activities (interaction of peripheral and supraspinal effects on the motoneurons).
(14) This result is evaluated as further evidence of non-participation of the supraspinal component in the spontaneous motility of chick embryos before the 15th day of incubation.
(15) The relation between expectation of perturbation and the occurrence or size of the late EMG activity indicates that this response is under supraspinal control.
(16) By making high chronic cervical transections ("gaps") at early prefunctional stages of incubation (i.e., 40-50 hours) and studying the subsequent emergence of motility in the chick it has been possible to determine that supraspinal input is not functional until about the tenth day of incubation.
(17) Nor-BNI and U-50,488H were used to demonstrate that kappa opioid receptors in the spinal cord were more important than those located supraspinally for kappa-mediated analgesia.
(18) It is suggested that pertussis toxin treatment reduces differentially the efficacy displayed by various opioids when acting via mu receptors to produce supraspinal analgesia.
(19) Strain across the supraspinous and anterior longitudinal ligaments was measured with two extensometers that were attached at the spondylolisthetic level and at the intact motion segments adjacent to the fixed level.
(20) The supraspinal inhibitory control of lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurones was investigated in N2O-anaesthetized cats by reversibly blocking conduction in the spinal cord.