(1) Spinelike processes were rarely observed on the perikarya, except on large scattered AVP neurons, but frequently covered the proximal dendrites of both types of neurons.
(2) Dendrites were sometimes sparsely invested with spinelike appendages or other dendritic extrusions, particularly along their distal portions.
(3) The dendrites of some of these neurons have many spinelike appendages, whereas those of other cells are nearly appendage free.
(4) Each of them could establish classical flat synapses or spinelike contacts, the latter being described here for the first time.
(5) These rodlike projections are also recognizable in thin sections, where they appear as spinelike projections (cross sections) or linear arrays (grazing sections) located in the lamina lucida of the basal lamina.
(6) There were also a few contacts onto spinelike processes, but these were flat rather than invaginated.
(7) Numerous spinelike appendages were observed emanating from two of the cell bodies.
(8) The B subunit induced pronounced morphological changes: an increase in neurite outgrowth with branched neurites and spinelike processes.
(9) Small, spinelike processes (2-3 microns in length) project outward from the basal cells into the cytoplasm of the surrounding tast receptor cells.
(10) Doubly treated primary HECs extend many long, overlapping, spinelike processes and expose the substratum.
(11) Two LHRH cell subtypes, smooth LHRH cells and LHRH cells with spinelike processes (irregular LHRH cells), were found throughout the entire extent of the LHRH neuronal field in both sexes.
(12) The dendritic elements in these glomeruli tend to be small-diameter dendrites, spines, and large, spinelike appendages.
(13) In the early ages examined, most dendrites show large varicosities and protrusions, some of which are spinelike and can be postsynaptic to multiple terminals.
(14) It differs from the other species of the genus by the heavily sclerotized margins of the anal plate and tiny cribrum, the two small rounded bifuractions of the movable digit of the chelicerae, abscence of dorsal opisthosomal setae (J, Z, and R series), and chaetotaxy of tarsi II, III, and IV which have only 3 ventral club-shaped setae in the distal row (al1, av2, and pl1 with pv1 apparently absent) and 2 club-shaped setae in the more proximal row (al2 and av3 with pv3 modified into a spinelike seta in the more proximal row and al2 and av3 with pv3 modified into a spinelike seta having an enlarged base and pl2 shorter and with a rounded tip).
(15) All neurons except four presumed interneurons had dendrites sparsely covered with spinelike appendages.
(16) Most OXY-IR cells were similar morphologically to those immunoreactive to AVP, except that OXY-IR cell bodies and their appendages did not have spinelike processes.
(17) Most of the cells immunoreactive to AVP were multipolar and had spinelike processes over their somata and proximal dendrites.
Spiny
Definition:
(a.) Full of spines; thorny; as, a spiny tree.
(a.) Like a spine in shape; slender.
(a.) Fig.: Abounding with difficulties or annoyances.
(n.) See Spinny.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results suggest that: (1) catecholaminergic (mainly dopaminergic) and prefrontal cortical terminals in the nucleus accumbens septi dually synapse on common spiny neurons; and (2) dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area receive monosynaptic input from prefrontal cortical afferents.
(2) The responses of a population of 30 olfactory receptor cells from spiny lobsters to 8 behaviorally relevant complex types of stimuli at 0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mM were analyzed using multidimensional scaling to evaluate their potential for coding quality and intensity.
(3) Extracellular responses to complex biologically relevant stimuli were recorded from 30 primary olfactory cells from excised antennules of spiny lobsters.
(4) Earlier studies identified purinergic chemoreceptors in the olfactory organ of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus.
(5) We speculate that in the adult neostriatum, the protein may be important in the remodeling of synapses onto medium spiny neurons that involve, in part, the corticostriatal pathway.
(6) Tissue from the digitiform rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, was fixed briefly by formaldehyde perfusion and studied for the specificity and localization of p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (NPP'ase) activity.
(7) Type 2 multipolar cells are large neurons endowed with numerous primary spiny dendrites constituting a wide round dendritic field and with a thick axon.
(8) Spiny seahorse lives among a rare marine plant called eelgrass, which only grows in shallow sheltered seas in south-west England.
(9) The axon of the spiny type II neuron is long and has collaterals which are poorly arborized in comparison to those of spiny type I cells.
(10) Neurons of medium size with spine-rich dendrites (spiny type I) are the most frequent type.
(11) When taken together these cases show that just over 50% of the degenerating terminals are presynaptic to spiny appendages and are located within the synaptic clusters (glomeruli) described previously (King, '76).
(12) The external surface of the hypostome possesses cnidocils, possibly sensory hairs, and small spiny protrusions surrounding the mouth; the internal surface has cylindrical microvilli, free flagella and adherent flagella.
(13) Finally, they are at variance with the classical concept which subdivides cortical neurons into projection neurons (pyramidal and spiny stellate) and interneurons (non-pyramidal, local circuit neurons).
(14) Leishmania braziliensis panamensis has been isolated in culture from one spiny-pocket mouse (Heteromys dermarestianus) out of 43 examined, proving that rodents of this genus can be reservoirs of Leishmania of the braziliensis complex as well as of mexicana in Latin America.
(15) Several types of NPY-containing neurons can be distinguished by their laminar location, by the size of their perikarya, and by the size, shape, and pattern of ramification of their processes: 1) layer I small local circuit neurons; 2) layer II granule cells; 3) aspiny stellate cells located in layers II-III and V-VI, with long, slender dendrites; 4) sparsely spiny stellate cells; 5) aspiny stellate cells with long, horizontally oriented dendrites, whose cell body is situated in layer VI; 6) Martinotti cells in areas 9, 7, and 24; and 7) multipolar neurons situated in the white matter subjacent to the cortical gray.
(16) The naturally occurring dynamics of presynaptic axon terminals were investigated in the dentate gyrus and stratum lucidum of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) during maturation, adulthood and aging.
(17) Light and electron microscopy showed intense and extensive labeling of immunoreactive calbindin-D28k in the cell bodies, dendrites, and spines of medium-sized neostriatal spiny neurons and in their axon terminals which end in the globus pallidus.
(18) The SFGS was seen to contain pyramidal neurons with spiny dendrites in the SM, together with fusiform, multipolar and horizontal neurons.
(19) Spiny extrusions are present on many of the neurons, arranged either as varicosities giving a rosary feature or clumped in small groups over the dendritic processes; these are absent at the level of the soma.
(20) This is a report of experiments which provide evidence in support of the existence of an electric sense in the echidna, or spiny anteater Tachyglossus aculeatus.