(1) Recognition thresholds for spondaic words were obtained in normal listeners under conditions of varying set size.
(2) The Staggered Spondaic Word category was moderately, severely, over-corrected moderately, or over-corrected severely abnormal in 10.7% of 941 subjects (using 12-59-yr-olds' norms and adjusting scores when appropriate).
(3) The purposes of experiment 1 were to obtain normative detection and recognition data on the female recording of the spondaic words and to compare the detection and recognition functions for the original male speaker version of the W-1 words.
(4) Ipsilateral ear scores improved on all tests postoperatively; these improved scores reached statistical significance for the Staggered Spondaic Word Test and for consonant-vowel syllables.
(5) However, PTA accounted for approximately 30% of the variability in corrected Staggered Spondaic Word test error scores.
(6) Six sets of spondees were derived from the 36-word corpus of a Northwestern University recording of CID W-1 spondaic words.
(7) Time-intensity trade for selected spondaically stressed words was investigated using a centering method for interaural time delays of 0.00, 1.00, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, and 2.75 msec at five levels of presentation: 0-, 25-, 40-, 55-, AND 70-DB HL (ANSI, 1969).
(8) The compact disc, which is available commercially, includes the W-1 spondaic words recorded by a female speaker.
(9) A ten-word subgroup of CID W-1 spondaic words having the largest masking-level differences was used.
(10) The procedure involved obtaining LDL's and ART's under earphones and under sound field conditions for four different acoustic stimuli: pure tones, warble tones, spondaic words, and speech spectrum noise.
(11) The results indicated that (a) the range of intensities yielding PB Max was approximately 33 dB at a level corresponding to 12% below PB Max, (b) the PB Max range decreased as the magnitude of hearing loss increased, (c) testing at the loudness discomfort level was likely to provide a more accurate estimate of PB Max than testing at most comfortable listening level, (d) word recognition scores should be obtained at a minimum of two intensities in order to estimate PB Max, (e) the PBT in dB SL re the spondaic threshold increased as the steepness of the audiogram increased, and (f) the PBT should not be considered unusual unless it exceeds the predicted value by about 14 dB.
(12) With non-native speakers of English, SRT testing using spondaic words lists, after the fashion in the U.S.A., may be difficult or invalid.
(13) Clinically, the two versions of the W-1 spondaic words should produce equivalent results.
(14) This study was designed to determine to what extent onset times of overlapping spondaic words were controlled in the development of the Staggered Spondaic Word Test (SSW) (List EC), a measure which is used to detect central auditory dysfunction.
(15) We used dichotic digits (DD), staggered spondaic words (SSW), and frequency patterns (PATT) to study central auditory function before and after two-stage callosotomy.
(16) Relative to the control group, the performance of the stuttering group was depressed on three procedures--the acoustic reflex amplitude function, Synthetic Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message, and Staggered Spondaic Word test.
(17) In experiment 2, slopes of the individual spondaic word recognition functions for the female speaker were obtained from two listeners and are discussed in terms of interstimulus, intertrial, and intersubject variability.
(18) This study was undertaken to determine the effect of linguistic background on scores obtained by native and non-native subjects on two dichotic speech tests in American English, the staggered spondaic word (SSW) and the dichotic consonant-vowel (CV) tests.
(19) Thirteen subjects with normal hearing and thirteen with sensorineural hearing loss were tested with spondaic words to determine their spondee thresholds in the presence of several levels of contralateral noise.
(20) The central auditory indices investigated were: the binaural masking difference, the effects of dichotic competition on the staggered spondaic word tests, the binaural advantage for dichotically presented words, the binaural advantage for dichotically presented sentences, the effect of increasing the rate of presentation of speech, and the effect of nonsense as opposed to sensible sentences.
Spondee
Definition:
(n.) A poetic foot of two long syllables, as in the Latin word leges.
Example Sentences:
(1) Since Martin and Sides (Asha, 1985, 27, 29-36) found that only 6% of audiologists reported actually following current ASHA guidelines for SRT testing (Asha, 1979, 21, 353-356), a comparison was made on 36 normal-hearing adults of spondee thresholds (ST) collected following strictly those guidelines (ST1) and by an experimental procedure based on the ASHA guidelines for pure-tone audiometry (Asha, 1978, 20, 297-301) (ST2).
(2) The results show that: (a) in young listeners, individual differences in speech perception performance are remarkably small resulting in low correlations between the tests, while in the elderly tests of phoneme, spondee, and sentence perception overlap considerably; (b) speech perception in the elderly seems to be largely determined by hearing loss at the higher frequencies, whereas the effects of other auditive and cognitive factors seem to be relatively small or absent; and (c) performance in the elderly is only partly correlated with age.
(3) With changes in frequency response of the stimulus delivery system, SRT shifted differentially for spondees and monosyllables.
(4) Functions relating the percentage of spondees correctly identified to stimulus level were similar for the three transducers, and notably, their slopes were comparable.
(5) Six sets of spondees were derived from the 36-word corpus of a Northwestern University recording of CID W-1 spondaic words.
(6) The differences were judged clinically insignificant, nevertheless when considered with earlier data it may be concluded that time-compressed spondees may come to have use as a clinical device.
(7) The derived Spanish word list was compared for equivalency to English spondees on a group of bilingual adults.
(8) The performance of five subjects implanted with the Nucleus 22-electrode cochlear implant was compared on the Four-Choice Spondee test, the Central Institute for the Deaf Sentence test, and Speech Tracking across the following conditions: (1) five most apical electrodes eliminated from the subject's MAP (stimulus parameters); (2) five most basal electrodes eliminated from subject's MAP; (3) the middle five electrodes eliminated from subject's MAP; and (4) subject's current MAP.
(9) Various testing and training materials (Chinese version of the monosyllable-trochee-spondee [MTS] test) as well as modified candidate evaluation procedures and criteria were applied.
(10) The median scores for open set tests involving auditory stimulation alone were: 14% correct (range 0 to 60) for monosyllabic words, 44% correct (range 0 to 100) for spondees, and 45% correct (range 0 to 100) for words in the Everyday CID Sentences.
(11) This study investigated the reliability of the Tillman-Olsen procedure for establishing the spondee threshold (ST).
(12) The effects of changing the duty cycle of an interrupted-broad band masker on the spondee thresholds of hearing-impaired subjects were explored.
(13) In addition, identification performance for spondees with a hard-easy syllable pattern was higher than for spondees with an easy-hard syllable pattern, indicating a primarily retroactive pattern of influence in spoken word recognition.
(14) Methods for measuring masking level differences (MLDs) at 500 Hz and for spondees were used with 290 subjects: 50 persons with normal hearing and 240 patients with various diseases.
(15) Individual syllables within a spondee were characterized as either "easy" or "hard" depending on the syllable's neighborhood characteristics; an easy syllable was defined as a high-frequency word in a sparse neighborhood of low-frequency words, and a hard syllable as a low-frequency word in a high-density, high-frequency neighborhood.
(16) Monitored live voice (MLV) and the Auditec of St. Louis recordings of the Central Institute for the Deaf spondees were used as stimuli.
(17) Results revealed a systematic and reliable effect wherein mean threshold decreased from 19.1 dB SPL to 12.2 dB SPL as set size was reduced from 36 to 3 spondees.
(18) 86, 1294-1309 (1989)], the validity and manageability of a test battery comprising auditive (sensitivity, frequency resolution, and temporal resolution), cognitive (memory performance, processing speed, and intellectual abilities), and speech perception tests (at the phoneme, spondee, and sentence level) were investigated.
(19) Each masker was presented continously or pulsed simultaneously with the onset of each spondee word.
(20) For the hearing-impaired subjects, SRT in quiet approximated the amount of hearing loss in the frequency region of importance for each of two sets of speech materials--spondees and monosyllables.