(v. i.) To dress one's self with affected neatness; as, to spruce up.
(a.) Any coniferous tree of the genus Picea, as the Norway spruce (P. excelsa), and the white and black spruces of America (P. alba and P. nigra), besides several others in the far Northwest. See Picea.
(a.) The wood or timber of the spruce tree.
(a.) Prussia leather; pruce.
(n.) Neat, without elegance or dignity; -- formerly applied to things with a serious meaning; now chiefly applied to persons.
(n.) Sprightly; dashing.
(v. t.) To dress with affected neatness; to trim; to make spruce.
Example Sentences:
(1) Permethrin (0.5%) was applied to individual Lutz spruce, Picea x lutzii Little, to protect them from attack by spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby).
(2) The results show that 70% of the total activity of radiocesium and 60% of radioruthenium deposited in the spruce stand were retained initially in the canopy.
(3) There was no difference in LC50 between the two strains to larvae of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), eastern hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria), and whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma), whether expressed as total alkaline soluble protein, activated toxin protein, or International Units as determined by bioassay against Trichoplusia ni.
(4) A method is described for the isolation of DNA from spruce and fir, starting with 3 to 5 apices (5 mg material).
(5) Bratwurst grilled by use of pine-cones, spruce-cones and hard wood contained on average 28 ppb BaP.
(6) But spruce could also be a big loser from climate change because it cannot handle drought and its shallow roots are easily damaged in storms.
(7) With regard to an early diagnosis of defects within the photosynthetic system of conifers by air pollutants, we measured the chlorophyll fluorescence from microscopic parts of individual pine and spruce needles.
(8) Depth profiles of radiocesium were measured in a podsolic parabrown earth of a spruce stand and in a podsol of a pine stand up to 3 years after the Chernobyl accident.
(9) The time dependence of the specific activity of Chernobyl-derived 134Cs, 137Cs and 106Ru was determined in vegetation and soil samples from an old spruce stand within a period of 600 days after the beginning of the radioactive fallout.
(10) Mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1, was exposed to acetone extracts of hardwoods (alder and aspen), softwoods (pine and a mixture of pine and spruce) and cellulose materials.
(11) Pure black spruce was found on Mount Washington from 1356 m to 1582 m. No pure black or red spruce was found on Camels Hump although the proportion of red spruce alleles was significantly greater on Camels Hump.
(12) A high relative intensity of the long-lived component was found in damaged spruces as well as in trees showing first symptoms of yellowing, needle loss or parasite infection, although all measurements were carried out with green needles which appeared visually intact.
(13) Yet it is understood that they are sprucing up their offer, slimming down their austerity demands, and relaxing debt repayments.
(14) Since 1952, the province of New Brunswick, Canada, has been heavily involved in attempting to control an epidemic of the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana.
(15) Nor will £5m pledged to keep train stations spruce, or another £1m earmarked for Sheffield’s tram-train.
(16) mATPase activities were similar in both species, but spruce grouse contained 15 times more myoglobin in the pectoralis muscle and the heart was three times heavier than that of the ruffed grouse.
(17) Red and black spruce and their hybrids can be determined by morphological indices; however, the criteria are somewhat subjective and increasingly difficult to use at higher elevations.
(18) The dictatorships of Bahrain and Belarus, the Syrian dictator's wife, Pinochet himself – all have had their reputations spruced up by the firm.
(19) These results on the gymnosperm spruce leaves, in which greening proceeds in complete darkness, being independent of the development of the water-splitting system in light, were discussed in relation to previous observations on angiosperm leaves, in which both greening and the activity generation proceed in the light.
(20) Some rooms need sprucing up, but a smart new carpet on the staircase and genuine parquet floors in the kitchen must have impressed the half dozen potential buyers who have trooped round since it went to on the market in February.
Sprue
Definition:
(n.) Strictly, the hole through which melted metal is poured into the gate, and thence into the mold.
(n.) The waste piece of metal cast in this hole; hence, dross.
(n.) Same as Sprew.
Example Sentences:
(1) The aetiology of tropical sprue, which is common in Puerto Rico and absent from Jamaica remains to be explained although a hypothesis has been put forward.
(2) The inflow rate at the middle stage of casting was evaluated as v = 21.05 + 1.79 C (C: the cross-sectional area of the main sprue).
(3) These results showed rapid clearance of the D3-3H in the subject with tropical sprue and steatorrhea indicating depletion of vitamin D stores in the tissues and decrease in the net absorption of the dose when given orally.
(4) Finally, there appears to be an increased incidence of intestinal malignancies (lymphoma, adenocarcinoma) in nontropical sprue.
(5) Normal jejunal pattern reported by some workers in patients with tropical sprue could possibly be due to inadequate sampling of the total biopsy piece.
(6) These findings in patients with chronic tropical sprue are similar to findings in normal Indians and suggest that jejunal handling of sodium and water is abnormal when compared with normal English subjects, but that the mucosa is not in a secretory phase as seen in certain other diarrhoeal states or in the acute early phase of sprue.
(7) In addition, excessive alcohol use, smoking, malnutrition, and a latent case of sprue were involved in bringing about the folic acid deficiency.
(8) In the case of glycyl-L-leucine considerably more glycine and leucine were found in the perfusate in patients with sprue than in the control subjects.
(9) Bacterial overgrowth, which sometimes occurs after infective diarrhoea in the tropics and gives rise to tropical sprue, is a result of stasis.
(10) Celiac sprue and Crohn's disease have very rarely been documented in the same patient.
(11) The margin widths of the flared and the straight sprue attachment groups were significantly less than the abrupt or gradual constriction attachment group (p less than 0.05).
(12) However, intestinal permeability was decreased in patients with idiopathic sprue and increased in those with idiopathic hyperamylasemia.
(13) These 12 cases had a mean of 30.4 lymphocytes per 100 superficial colonic epithelial cells, compared with means of 8.4 in sprue cases without colonic epithelial lymphocytosis, 4.8 in normal controls, and 32.4 in nine cases of lymphocytic colitis without concurrent celiac sprue.
(14) The virus of transmissible gastroenteritis produced sprue-like lesions in the small intestines of young pigs.
(15) Three additional cases of small-bowel adenocarcinoma in association with nontropical sprue are reported.
(16) In a series of 28 sequential patients found to have microscopic changes characteristic of sprue on biopsy, distinctive endoscopic changes were found in 22 (in 6 of 9 with sprue in relapse, and 16 of 19 presenting with initial symptoms).
(17) Two patients with tropical sprue had agamma-A-globulinaemia.Turnover studies with (125)I-labelled IgG showed a high rate of synthesis in three Indian controls and an appreciably reduced or low rate in seven of the eight cases of tropical sprue.
(18) We report coexistent collagenous colitis and collagenous sprue in a 62-year-old woman with diarrhea.
(19) The radiologic findings are described of mucosal folds thickening in coeliac sprue in patients with short clinical history.
(20) The mean amount of internal porosity from all analyzed sites for each sprue design was calculated as a percent site porosity per total site and differences between the experimental sites and groups tested.