What's the difference between stannic and stannous?
Stannic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to tin; derived from or containing tin; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with stannous compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) At any pH below 9, the two sols stained proteins in the outer hydrophilic leaflet of esterified cells with relative selectivity, but the alpha-stannic acid showed them more accurately.
(2) The stannic porphyrins, in particular tin protoporphyrin and tin mesoporphyrin, have been proposed for this purpose because these compounds competitively inhibit heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme-degrading pathway.
(3) Colloidal alpha-stannic acid and a negative iron colloid obtained from ferric hydroxide and potassium ferrocyanide, both negative sols being stable within a wide pH range, were refined as surface protein electron markers.
(4) The tested doses were 20 micrograms and 10 micrograms of stannic chloride and 1 microgram and 0.5 microgram of trimethyltin chloride.
(5) The results indicate that the favorable half-life and decay characteristics of tin-117m in various stannic compounds, especially stannic-DTPA, make it potentially useful as an agent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.
(6) Stannous or stannic chlorides reduced the growth rate of K. aerogenes, Ps.
(7) Several alkyl substituted 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one derivatives were synthesized by the method of stannic chloride-catalyzed glycosidation method to elucidate their inhibitory activity of cytidine deaminase and also their antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo.
(8) For stannic chelates, higher bone uptake, faster blood clearance, and reduced soft-tissue concentration were observed.
(9) 1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-5-methylimidazole-4-carboxamide was obtained by deacetylation of the corresponding tri-O-acetyl nucleoside 11 or by deacetylation and ammonolysis of the blocked ethyl 5-methylimidazole-4-carboxylate nucleoside 10, which was prepared from the stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of ethyl 4(5)-methylimidazole-5(4)-carboxylate.
(10) The maximum concentrations which reduced the replicative index by about 50%, of stannic chloride and trimethyltin chloride were 40 micrograms and 2 micrograms per culture respectively.
(11) Individuals responsible for occupational health should be aware that relatively benign substances, such as stannic chloride and water, can combine spontaneously to form hazardous substances.
(12) The industrial hygiene survey, conducted when stannic chloride use had been reduced, cleaning had been done, and ventilation improved, focused on measuring air contaminants that might possibly cause symptoms.
(13) Direct glycosylation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 8 with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranose in the presence of stannic chloride, followed by debenzoylation, gave the guanosine analogue 2-amino-8-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[1,2-a]-s-triazin-4-one (12b), which on deamination gave the xanthosine analogue 13.
(14) Vanadate at 2 mM, 2 microM carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (a metabolic uncoupler), or 2 microM stannic chloride all markedly enhanced lead entry into brain, as did a more alkaline pH (7.80).
(15) Reaction of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione (2, "uracil anhydride") with protected 1-O-acetylribofuranoses in the presence of stannic chloride gave the corresponding block nucleosides.
(16) Compound 6 was obtained by reaction of 7-nitroimidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranose in the presence of stannic chloride followed by treatment with methanolic ammonia.
(17) It has been shown that oxygen interferes with the reduction process by oxidizing stannous ion, Sn(II), to stannic, Sn(IV), thereby leaving less Sn(II) available for the reduction of pertechnetate ion.
(18) Barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cupric oxide, ferric oxide, heavy magnesium oxide, and stannic oxide merited more detailed study.
(19) Acyclonucleoside esters 6-8 were prepared by the stannic chloride catalyzed reaction of methyl chloro[2-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxy]acetate (5) with various silylated pyrimidines, generated in situ from the bases and bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide.
(20) The condensation of per(trimethyl)silylbarbital and -phenobarbital with 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranose in the presence of stannic chloride in dichloroethane gave moderate yields of the beta-coupled barbiturate N-D-glucopyranosyl derivatives.
Stannous
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or containing, tin; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with stannic compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) The most probable result of in vivi SnF2 application on sound enamel is the formation of a fluoridated hydroxyapatite together wity stannous complexes and amorphous CaF2.
(2) The effectiveness of three commercial bone scintigraphic agents and freshly made stannous chloride in labeling erythrocytes with 99mTc was compared.
(3) The titanium alloy strips were treated with citric acid, stannous fluoride, tetracycline HCl, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, chloramine T, sterile water, a plastic sonic scaler tip, and an air-powder abrasive unit.
(4) Using the stannous chloride method, under conditions to avoid the hydrolytic polynucleation of technetium, a good yield of 99mTc-KTS with characteristics resembling the non-charged, compact and stable Cu-KTS is obtained, in in vitro as well as in vivo studies.
(5) Although previously published animal data suggest utility of Tc-99m stannous phytate for lymph-node imaging, Tc-99m antimony sulfide was shown in this clinical comparison to provide a more reliable representation of lymph-node anatomy.
(6) Stannous fluoride toothpaste was used twice yearly for three years in supervised brush-ins by puplis at two Melbourne schools--one coeducational and one boys.
(7) Compound 9 was also obtained by condensation of 1 with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride (4) in the presence of silver perchlorate and anhydrous stannous chloride.
(8) Human autologous leucocytes can be simply and reproducibly labelled by phagocytic engulfment of technetium 99m stannous colloid with high leucocyte-labelling efficiency (LLE), similar human biodistribution to indium-111-oxine labelled leucocytes and good cell viability.
(9) The short-term bactericidal effect of 2% chlorhexidine gel, 4% stannous fluoride gel or amine fluoride gel containing 1.25% fluoride on the subgingival microflora was determined in 40 periodontal pockets of 10 patients.
(10) (4) In plasma, chemical reduction of selenite by stannous chloride was not observed.
(11) Stannous fluoride increased growth lag nad caused a much greater inhibition of growth rate than did sodium fluoride.
(12) The effectiveness of a stannous fluoride mouthrinse, when used once each school day, was investigated in a 3-year study.
(13) This report describes preliminary results using technetium-99m stannous phytate as a lymph-node imaging agent in animals.
(14) This study determined the effect of brushing with 0.4% stannous fluoride (SnF2) or 0.22% sodium fluoride (NaF) on clinical and microbial parameters associated with gingivitis.
(15) To determine the effect on periodontal health of a daily self-administered irrigation with 0.02% stannous fluoride (SnF2) solution, 28 subjects who had moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (n = 9) which used no irrigation, a group (n = 8) which used a self-administered water irrigation device (Water Pik) daily with water (H2O group) and a group (n = 11) which used the Water Pik in a similar manner but with SnF2 solution (SnF2 group).
(16) Plaque indexes for both stannous fluoride and placebo showed significant reduction (p < 0.0001) compared to baseline in all sites.
(17) Control of the age of the stannous chloride solution and the final pH of the 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate eliminated the undesirable uptake.
(18) Dentifrices which contained 0.5% ZCT or 0.4% stannous fluoride, had similar inhibitory effects on plaque.
(19) Because of the probability that stannous ions were deposited during the stannous fluoride treatments, some of the apparent calcium phosphate re-deposition in this group was probably stannous compounds.
(20) Finally, the absence of stannous ion in the 99mTc-TMA complex should avoid the problem of interference with other procedures involving pertechnetate 99mTco4- as the imaging agent.