(1) Measurements of the EMG and volume change showed the stapedial activity to increase systematically with increases in the vocal sound level.
(2) Valuable information on functional features of the auditory system may be gained by measuring the fine structure and time course of the acoustic stapedial reflex.
(3) The short process prosthesis is used with an intact stapes, whereas the notched incus with long process carries the sound pressure directly to the stapedial footplate.
(4) Twenty clinically normal neonates were tested to determine whether repeated acoustic stimulation would habituate the behavioral response, leaving only the stapedial reflex for observation.
(5) This paper considers the effect of behavioral responses on stapedial reflex data of neonates.
(6) Stapedial reflexes were elicited in 5 patients and all showed recruitment.
(7) It was determined that 1) the stem of the stapedial artery does not persist within the cranial cavity; 2) the stem of the ramus inferior is retained in its entirety and forms the upper portion of the stem of the middle meningeal artery; 3) the proximal part of the ramus infraorbitalis is normally absent and is replaced by a collateral shunt arising from the ramus mandibularis; 4) the ramus mandibularis is retained and forms the lower portion of the middle meningeal stem and the inferior alveolar artery; 5) the most proximal portion of the maxillary artery is formed by an anastomotic shunt connecting the external carotid artery to the ramus mandibularis; 6) the anterior division of the ramus superior is normally present and well developed; 7) the posterior division of the ramus superior is present in many individuals; and 8) the junction of the two divisions of the ramus superior with the ramus inferior usually migrates to the floor of the middle cranial fossa.
(8) An analysis was carried out of recordings of the crossed stapedial reflex response in a series of normal subjects and 30 patients with multiple sclerosis.
(9) The blood supply to the tumor was from a persistent stapedial artery.
(10) The stapes of 6 patients with stapedial otosclerosis was found to contain fungus hyphae (Candida) in the sectioned specimens.
(11) These sinuses are large in primitive primates and drain the extensive territories supplied by the stapedial artery as well as the brain.
(12) The stapedial reflex is routinely used both in hearing evaluation and to distinguish cochlear from retrocochlear lesions.
(13) This effect was still present in subjects without any stapedial reflex, but absent in total unilateral hearing-loss subjects.
(14) They present two typical cases of cochlear otospongiosis: one combines clinical history, audiometric test and post mortem investigations;-the other shows the passage from a pure cochlear otospongiosis to a secondary stapedial fixation, ten years later, thus confirming by audiometric data and by stapedectomy the otospongiotic etiology of this previous pure sensorineural loss.
(15) Previous studies on North and South Dakota American Indian crania of about the same time period did not demonstrate any stapedial fixation in 2,600 burials (4,064 temporal bones), 1,416 of which were over 16 years of age at death.
(16) Aural overload and absolute auditory thresholds were measured at 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz prior to and during acoustic stapedial reflex contraction.
(17) In the absence of a history of trauma or sepsis this may be a late presentation of a congenital stapedial anomaly which has not previously been reported.
(18) The threshold force inducing the stapedial movements was investigated in laboratory and clinic.
(19) In 27 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), stapedial reflexes were measured using impedance audiometry and compared with those of 11 age-matched control subjects.
(20) In the stapes the disturbance in lamellar bone formation can lead to extreme thinness, dehiscence, and nonunion of the stapedial superstructure with the footplate.
Stapes
Definition:
(n.) The innermost of the ossicles of the ear; the stirrup, or stirrup bone; -- so called from its form. See Illust. of Ear.
Example Sentences:
(1) Comparison of developmental series of D. merriami and T. bottae revealed that the decline of the artery in the latter species is preceded by a greater degree of arterial coarctation, or narrowing, as it passes though the developing stapes.
(2) The solution of these differential equations gives the velocity of the basilar membrane and hence other related quantities, e.g., displacement, pressure, driving-point impedance at the stapes.
(3) A pre-operative diagnosis of otosclerosis was made but at tympanotomy, the stapes crura in each ear was found to be disconnected from the footplate, the ossicular chain being otherwise normal.
(4) Unfortunately, both the malleus and the stapes have to be in good position to use this type of reconstruction making it much less common than other forms of ossiculoplasty.
(5) The leak was observed to be coming from a defect in the stapes footplate, and it was controlled by firmly packing the inner ear vestibule with muscle.
(6) Whereas a simple tympanoplasty could cure a localized pearl, typically anterosuperior in the mesotympanum, the stapes is fast eroded (7 cases) if progression goes on.
(7) Primitively, vibrations reached the stapes mainly via the anterior hyoid cornu, but in dicynodonts, therocephalians, and cynodants vibrations passed mainly or exclusively from mandible to quadrate to stapes and the reflected lamina was a component of the eardrum.
(8) In ten cases the stapes footplate was found totally fixed, with histological verification of the diagnosis of otosclerosis.
(9) Stapes gusher sometimes occurs at the moment the vestibule is opened.
(10) These statistics provide our practice with a realistic prognosis when discussing revision stapes surgery with the individual surgical candidate.
(11) At operation, the tumour was found to have eroded the stapes.
(12) Tissue characteristics of this laser energy should permit the vaporization of the stapes footplate or oval window soft tissue without thermal effect to the vestibule and without passing through the perilymph to damage the delicate structures of the inner ear.
(13) Further research is needed to evaluate this type of stapes fixation.
(14) The stapes is assigned the highest rating (2 points), while all other entrees on the scale are 1 point.
(15) Although the stapes, the interossicular joints, and the subarcuate fossae were slightly underdeveloped in the majority of cases, the other structures in the middle ear were almost normal.
(16) In over 200 consecutive operations performed under local anesthesia with the CO2 laser, no patient became dizzy intraoperatively while the CO2 laser was applied to the stapes footplate or the oval window neomembrane, confirming the lack of significant caloric effect to the inner ear at these energy settings.
(17) The best results were obtained in ears with intact stapes, while cholesteatomatous ears showed poorer results than other chronic ears.
(18) When the stapes superstructure was intact, 52% of the patients with canal-up operations had an air-bone gap of less than 20 dB.
(19) The reshaped incus is repositioned between the malleus handle and oval window when the stapes is fixed and there also exists a lateral ossicular chain defect.
(20) The result was that it is not possible to prove any phase shift between the two measurement points at the short or at the long base of the stapes in a volume range within the physiological limits.