(n.) The act of starving, or the state of being starved.
Example Sentences:
(1) Starvation increased the rate of alpha-decarboxylation of leucine.
(2) After 8 days of starvation, there is a 25% decrease in the muscle protein, but after 8 days of protein deprivation, there is no significant change in the muscle mass.
(3) Testing of CGRP (ICV) in both single bottle conditioned-aversion and differential starvation paradigms was done.
(4) In addition, insulin tolerance tests were performed on 8 lean and 8 obese subjects before and after starvation.
(5) This tends to protect the myocyte in starvation but jeopardizes the older cell.
(6) The genes have been designated dci (for decoyinine-inducible) and gsi (for glucose-starvation-inducible).
(7) Conversely, serum starvation decreased TIP levels within 1 hr.
(8) The preservation of diamine oxidase activity during starvation implies a need for the enzyme not related to mucosal proliferation or digestion.
(9) For most of those proteins whose rate of synthesis increases in vivo following starvation there is a parallel increase in the cellular level of the functional mRNAs encoding them.
(10) The enhancement of long-chain fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in the perfused rat liver, whether induced acutely by treatment of fed animals with anti-insulin serum or glucagon, or over the longer term by starvation or the induction of alloxan diabetes, was found to ba accompanied by a proportional elevation in the tissue carnitine content.
(11) Urinary output paradoxically increased during the first day following starvation, but fell dramatically thereafter.
(12) Changes in the total bilirubin similar to those in cows with ketosis were established also in cows subjected to starvation, substantiated by the adequate rise of the free and the bound fraction.
(13) Synchronized cells (doubly arrested by serum starvation and aphidicolin) displayed a biphasic distribution of the number of cruciforms over the first 6 h after release from synchrony with maxima at 0 and 4 h after release.
(14) Expression of the yeast his3 and other amino acid biosynthetic genes is induced during conditions of amino acid starvation.
(15) Experiments with this organism showed that in a variety of different incubation conditions, which included normal growth, amino acid starvation, inhibition by chloramphenicol or streptomycin, or thymine deprivation, a close correlation was seen between the intracellular accumulation of unconjugated spermidine and RNA.
(16) These enzymes in the two main subcellular loci are distinct since they exhibit different electrophoretic mobilities, physicochemical properties, substrate specificities and responses to starvation and dietary manipulation.
(17) The activities of hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase were decreased whereas that of phosphorylase increased in response to starvation.
(18) Adult male rats were subjected to four cycles of mild starvation (2 wk) and refeeding (1 wk) and were compared with a fed group.
(19) Guinea pig neonates are therefore able to resist starvation-induced decreases in tissue glutathione levels seen in adult rodents.
(20) Previously we showed that starvation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells for a single essential amino acid induced irreversible differentiation into more mature monocyte-like cells.
Surplus
Definition:
(n.) That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
(n.) Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
(a.) Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words.
Example Sentences:
(1) Richard Hill, deputy chief executive at the Homes & Communities Agency , said: "As social businesses, housing associations already have a good record of re-investing their surpluses to build new homes and improve those of their existing tenants.
(2) They also said no surplus that built up in the scheme, which runs at a £700m deficit, would be paid to any “sponsor or employer” under any circumstances.
(3) Quoting the BBC-commissioned survey of more than 2,000 adults, Lyons said they had been given six choices what to do with the licence fee surplus once digital switchover was complete.
(4) The Tories plan to start running a surplus from 2018.
(5) Any surplus food left over goes to anaerobic digestion energy plants, which turn food waste into electricity.
(6) He still insists that the nation will return to surplus by 2020 – a make-or-break target that will define the success or failure of his fiscal mission.
(7) He shares any dificit or surplus remaining at the end of the year.
(8) These surplus chromophores become esterified and are temporarily taken up by the pigment epithelium to be re-entered into the visual cycle as fast as they can be processed by the regenerative machinery of the rod outer segments.
(9) In the midst of this catastrophe, the troika is insisting on further austerity to achieve massive primary budget surpluses of 3% in 2015, 4.5% in 2016 and even more in future years.
(10) George Osborne’s hopes of securing a budget surplus by the time of the next general election rest on continuing high levels of net migration to Britain, the Office for Budget Responsibility has made clear.
(11) Industry surplus is hard to avoid, but what Community Shop shows is that if we all work together we can make sure that surplus food delivers lasting social good."
(12) However, he became surplus to requirements under Steve Bruce and followed Paulo da Silva and David Healy out of the Stadium of Light.
(13) Transfection with B beta cDNA not only increased the synthesis of B beta chain but also increased the rate of synthesis of the other two component chains of fibrinogen and maintained surplus intracellular pools of A alpha and gamma chains.
(14) The possibility that Osborne could adopt a flexible approach surfaced when John McDonnell, the shadow chancellor, asked him whether he would adopt a “less excessive surplus target”.
(15) Off came defensive midfielder Claudio Yacob, rendered surplus to requirements by the dismissals of Afellay and Adam, and on went forward Rickie Lambert.
(16) "The forces of capitalism are squeezing out anything that doesn't focus on extracting as much surplus value as it can from people and the planet.
(17) The persona that emerged during day two of Breivik's 10-week trial was a rambling, repetitive obsessive, fixated on a threat he never truly managed to articulate, but which involved "cultural Marxists", whom he claimed had destroyed Norway by using it as "a dumping ground for the surplus births of the third world".
(18) Even in zoos voted the best in Europe, the Captive Animals’ Protection Society has pointed out, there can be enough evidence of animals behaving abnormally, or a casual approach to culling any surplus, to avoid them or, ideally, close them down.
(19) Then you happen on a large notice board festooned with flyers and cards, many offering help, companionship and solidarity to those who have been deemed surplus to the requirements of consumerism.
(20) In the medium term, Athens will have to aim at a 3.5% primary surplus.