(n.) The bed, or stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath the surface soil.
(v. t.) To turn up the subsoil of.
Example Sentences:
(1) While undoubtedly a good understanding of soil microbiology in terms of pedology exists, little is presently known about unsaturated subsoils, and aquifers.
(2) The burrows of R. opimus were the main shelters and breeding places of the sandflies, but infection was not transmitted equally in all burrows.It was known that the distribution of sandflies within the burrows was influenced by the humidity in the different parts of the burrow and a survey showed that the highest rate of infection of gerbils occurred in the burrows in those areas with the highest subsoil moisture content.Studies of the prevalence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis among people in the settlements of the Murghab oasis showed that the years with the highest infection rate were also years with slightly higher rainfall and lower air temperatures in this area.
(3) For the population living on the ground floor of a house with a crystalline subsoil, the gamma radiation and the indoor air 222Rn lead to estimated mean exposures of 1.16 mSv and 9.44 mSv effective dose equivalent per year, respectively.
(4) A mean tap water 222Rn content of 38.3 Bq L-1 and 10.4 Bq L-1 was measured in 31 villages with a crystalline subsoil and 73 villages with a sedimentary subsoil, respectively.
(5) The external gamma radiation and the indoor air Rn (222Rn) concentration were measured in 55 houses of the South East Grisons, the Urseren valley, and the Upper Rhine valley (crystalline subsoils) and in 39 houses of the Molasse basin and the Helvetic nappes (sedimentary subsoils).
(6) The radon-222 emanation from 70 samples of Danish soils, subsoils, and sedimentary rocks has been measured.
(7) The cellar 222Rn gas concentration is about six times higher in houses with a crystalline subsoil (1232 Bq m-3) than in houses with a sedimentary subsoil (201 Bq m-3).
(8) In homes located on a crystalline subsoil, a mean cellar gamma level of 1.40 mGy y-1 was measured, which is twice the mean gamma level of 0.70 mGy y-1 found in homes built on a sedimentary subsoil.
(9) In houses with a sedimentary subsoil, these mean exposures lead to 0.68 mSv y-1 and 3.22 mSv y-1, respectively.
(10) Control sweet clover was harvested from gravelly subsoil and processed and fed to another group of guinea pigs for the same period.
(11) Reliable identification of trace amounts of pesticides (e.g., 28 ppt of atrazine) in subsoil, surface and drinking water is clearly demonstrated by AMD-HPTLC using a polarity gradient based on dichloromethane.
(12) Environmental parameters such as temperature and wind, occupant activities, and house-specific parameters such as subsoil geology, leakiness of the substructure to soil gas, and air exchange rate are the main factors influencing Rn entry into a building and its subsequent indoor behavior.
(13) Samples of fly ash, gravelly subsoil, sweet clover, liver, kidneys, and left-rear gastrocnemius muscle of all guinea pigs were freeze-dried and analyzed for 35 elements by neutron activation analysis.
(14) Houses located on a granite, ortho-gneiss or verrucano subsoil have a cellar 222Rn level that is on the average 4.4 times higher than houses which are built on grey-schist or sediments.
(15) No residues were found below a cracked light clay on a sandy subsoil.
(16) In many parts of the world, the land is also sinking – in Venice’s case, subsoil compaction (a result of industrial exploitation of the surrounding area) lowered the city by 20cm between 1950 and 1970.
(17) These metastable precipitates, both organic and inorganic, are readily remobilized on further acidification, and can release aluminium into streams if the solutions are not neutralized in the subsoil.
(18) Radon-222 degasing from the tap water into the indoor air leads to an additional exposure of about 0.11 mSv y-1 and 0.03 mSv y-1 in homes with a crystalline subsoil and homes with a sedimentary subsoil, respectively.
(19) Since the sixties we have given attention to the problems in the use of pesticides, with regard to organochlorine, we have been investigating either environmental pollution (surface and subsoil water, food, etc.)
(20) When it rains or the land floods, the water trickles through the gravel and sand and slowly charges the subsoil.
Underground
Definition:
(n.) The place or space beneath the surface of the ground; subterranean space.
(a.) Being below the surface of the ground; as, an underground story or apartment.
(a.) Done or occurring out of sight; secret.
(adv.) Beneath the surface of the earth.
Example Sentences:
(1) He had links to networks including the Hammerskin Nation and was involved in an underground music scene often referred to as "white power music" or "hate rock".
(2) Three strains of fluorescent pseudomonads (IS-1, IS-2, and IS-3) isolated from potato underground stems with roots showed in vitro antibiosis against 30 strains of the ring rot bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
(3) While circulating the quarries is illegal – you risk a fine of up to €60 – neither the IGC nor the police seem to mind the veteran cataphiles who possess a good knowledge of the underground space, and who respect their heritage.
(4) The logistics of maintaining and supplying underground clinics located in war-torn rural Afghanistan are presented.
(5) German intelligence services had also been keeping tabs on the rightwing radical scene that Zschäpe was a part of, but had lost track of her, along with Mundlos and Böhnhardt when they went underground.
(6) In the still active mine workers, dynamic spirometry results showed no difference between smokers or nonsmokers or between underground and surface workers.
(7) That said, Turin’s creative scene is quite underground, so you have to seek out the best work.
(8) During the non-heating months of June, July and August of 1974, the total and respirable dust content at an underground station of the Newark City Subway System was determined.
(9) Part of the initial work has involved London Underground strengthening the structure of Temple tube station by the Thames so the north end of the bridge could sit on top of it.
(10) This may serve evidence for the absence of a common morphofunctional underground for this process.
(11) The adaptive value of sound signal characteristics for transmission in the underground tunnel ecotope was tested using tunnels of the solitary territorial subterranean mole rats.
(12) Excess risks of lung cancer were found in both underground workers (SMR 3.41; 95% CI 1.10-7.97; based on 5 deaths) and surface workers (SMR 1.87, 95% CI 1.18-2.81; based on 23 deaths).
(13) Chest X-ray and sputum cytology were used to detect lung cancer among subjects with an underground work history over 10 years and over 40 years of age.
(14) Anyone studying the question with an open mind will almost certainly come to a similar conclusion: if we and our children are to have a reasonable chance of living stable and secure lives 30 or so years from now, according to one recent study 80% of the known coal reserves will have to stay underground , along with half the gas and a third of the oil reserves.
(15) His initial exposure to leftist ideas was via the underground hippy press which provided him "with a certain amount of scepticism".
(16) For example, if the risk estimates from underground miners' studies are, in truth, not applicable to home exposures and overestimate the gradient of risk from home exposure to radon by, for example, a factor of 2, then enormously large numbers of subjects would be required to detect the difference.
(17) He hadn't seen his children very much even before he went to prison because he was always busy running around, hiding underground.
(18) Transport for London said a planned tube drivers' strike on the London Underground service on Boxing Day is unlikely to cause serious extra disruption should it go ahead, although works are planned on many lines.
(19) During Nicolas Sarkozy's unsuccessful 2012 re-election campaign she was mocked for not knowing the price of an underground train ticket (she said €4 instead of €1.70).
(20) It was concluded that the study did not provide support for the hypothesis that underground coalmining increases the risk of gastric cancer.