(n.) That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence.
(n.) The most important element in any existence; the characteristic and essential components of anything; the main part; essential import; purport.
(n.) Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.
(n.) Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
(n.) Same as Hypostasis, 2.
(v. t.) To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich.
Example Sentences:
(1) No differences between the two substances were observed with respect to side effects and general tolerability.
(2) Modulation of the voltage-gated K+ conductance in T-lymphocytes by substance P was examined.
(3) During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker.
(4) Intracellular localization of the labeled substance in the tumor tissue was examined autohistoradiographically.
(5) Substances with a leaving group at the C-3 position form unsaturated conjugated cyclic adducts and are mutagenic only in the His D3052 frameshift strains with an intact excision repair system (no urvA mutation).
(6) A substance with a chromatographic mobility of Rf = 0.8 on TLC plates having an intact phosphorylcholine head group was also formed but has not yet been identified.
(7) Serum pepsinogen 1, serum gastrin, ABO blood groups, secretor status of ABH blood group substances and behavioral factors were studied in 15 patients with duodenal ulcer and 61 their relatives affected and unaffected to duodenal ulcer.
(8) Agarose-albumin beads may be useful for removing protein-bound substances from the blood of patients with liver failure, intoxication with protein-bound drugs, or specific metabolic deficits.
(9) Urine tests in six patients with other kidney diseases and with uraemia and in seven healthy persons did not show this substance.
(10) Substance P, a potent vasodilating peptide, seems to be released from trigeminal nerve endings in response to nervous stimulation and is involved in the transmission of painful stimuli within the periphery.
(11) Regulators concerned about physician behavior and confronted by demands of nonphysicians to prescribe controlled substances may find EDT a good solution.
(12) These results are discussed in the light of the mode of action of the substances used.
(13) Most cis AB sera have anti-B activity, essentially at 4 degrees C. In saliva A and H substances are found in normal amounts but B substance is only evidenced by inhibition of autologous cells agglutination.
(14) We have investigated some of the factors which affect the retention times of these substances in reversed-phase HPLC on columns of 5-micron octadecylsilyl silica.
(15) The data indicate that adult neurons with an intrinsic ability to regenerate axons can respond to substances with neurotrophic or neurite-promoting activities in tissue cultures.
(16) The authors describe the role played by these substances in the pathogenesis of inflammations, their importance in the regulation of intraocular pressure and in the development of cystoid macular oedema.
(17) They were more irregularly curved and consisted of various substances.
(18) We examined 10 life areas clustered around the general categories of "substance use," "social functioning," and "emotional and interpersonal functioning."
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The following possible explanations were discussed: a) the tested psychotropic drugs block prostaglandin receptors in the stomach; b) the test substances react with prostaglandin in the nutritive solution; c) the substances stimulate metabolic processes in the stomach wall that break down prostaglandin.
Toxicomania
Definition:
(n.) Toxiphobia.
(n.) An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium.
Example Sentences:
(1) Use and abuse of psychotropic drugs start with history, but toxicomania starts much later, with the discovery of morphine, in early XIXth.
(2) Adolescents from unhappy and alcoholic families were found to be most prone to the toxicomania type in question.
(3) The characteristics of those under study-connected with toxicomania, psychopathy and recidivism-are also greatly responsible for extensive use of medical services during detention.
(4) Besides, an "altered background" is characteristic of drug addicts and toxicomania patients.
(5) The authors analyse current aspects of toxicomania in young persons.
(6) Should the analyst participate to investigations organised in order to disclose a toxicomania in a working place?
(7) Drug addiction and toxicomania were established in 6% of subjects.
(8) The development then proceeds either via habitual ethylism or via alcoholic toxicomania.
(9) Three points need stressing: 1) HIV is a new viral cause of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, the first report of which dates from 1985; 2) this bleeding diathesis may be seen more often in normal anaesthetic practice because of the frequent association of intravenous toxicomania with anti-HIV antibodies and thrombocytopaenia.
(10) It can be concluded that it is useful to study the biochemical parameters of serum free-radical processes and to employ the findings in the therapy of inhalation toxicomanias.
(11) Toxicomania and doping give rise to an increasing number of drug measurements in the body fluids.
(12) It is emphasized that tobacco dependence does not refer to toxicomania or narcomania in terms of its clinical manifestations, occupying an intermediate place in psychopathology, namely between mental health, one the one hand, and borderline neuropsychic disorders, on the other one.
(13) There was general agreement that in 1985 the greatest problem in psychiatry will be psychosomatic disorders, neuroses and toxicomania, in that order.
(14) The discovered alterations make it possible to appraise the influence of toxic substances and the degree of brain atrophy, which attests to the diagnostic value of computerized tomography in patients with toxicomanias.
(15) The experiments have proved some male noninbred white rats to of inclined to toxicomania development.
(16) It is recommended that patients with mental diseases, narcomania and toxicomania should undergo a prophylactic fluorographic screening twice a year.
(17) Fatal outcomes were most common in tuberculosis patients with concurrent drug addiction and toxicomania.
(18) Biologically conditioned risk factors conducive to drug addiction and toxicomania should be investigated.
(19) The paper deals with drug abuse in minors who are on the records of the regional surgery for toxicomania in Ostrava-Poruba.