(n.) That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence.
(n.) The most important element in any existence; the characteristic and essential components of anything; the main part; essential import; purport.
(n.) Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.
(n.) Material possessions; estate; property; resources.
(n.) Same as Hypostasis, 2.
(v. t.) To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich.
Example Sentences:
(1) No differences between the two substances were observed with respect to side effects and general tolerability.
(2) Modulation of the voltage-gated K+ conductance in T-lymphocytes by substance P was examined.
(3) During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker.
(4) Intracellular localization of the labeled substance in the tumor tissue was examined autohistoradiographically.
(5) Substances with a leaving group at the C-3 position form unsaturated conjugated cyclic adducts and are mutagenic only in the His D3052 frameshift strains with an intact excision repair system (no urvA mutation).
(6) A substance with a chromatographic mobility of Rf = 0.8 on TLC plates having an intact phosphorylcholine head group was also formed but has not yet been identified.
(7) Serum pepsinogen 1, serum gastrin, ABO blood groups, secretor status of ABH blood group substances and behavioral factors were studied in 15 patients with duodenal ulcer and 61 their relatives affected and unaffected to duodenal ulcer.
(8) Agarose-albumin beads may be useful for removing protein-bound substances from the blood of patients with liver failure, intoxication with protein-bound drugs, or specific metabolic deficits.
(9) Urine tests in six patients with other kidney diseases and with uraemia and in seven healthy persons did not show this substance.
(10) Substance P, a potent vasodilating peptide, seems to be released from trigeminal nerve endings in response to nervous stimulation and is involved in the transmission of painful stimuli within the periphery.
(11) Regulators concerned about physician behavior and confronted by demands of nonphysicians to prescribe controlled substances may find EDT a good solution.
(12) These results are discussed in the light of the mode of action of the substances used.
(13) Most cis AB sera have anti-B activity, essentially at 4 degrees C. In saliva A and H substances are found in normal amounts but B substance is only evidenced by inhibition of autologous cells agglutination.
(14) We have investigated some of the factors which affect the retention times of these substances in reversed-phase HPLC on columns of 5-micron octadecylsilyl silica.
(15) The data indicate that adult neurons with an intrinsic ability to regenerate axons can respond to substances with neurotrophic or neurite-promoting activities in tissue cultures.
(16) The authors describe the role played by these substances in the pathogenesis of inflammations, their importance in the regulation of intraocular pressure and in the development of cystoid macular oedema.
(17) They were more irregularly curved and consisted of various substances.
(18) We examined 10 life areas clustered around the general categories of "substance use," "social functioning," and "emotional and interpersonal functioning."
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The following possible explanations were discussed: a) the tested psychotropic drugs block prostaglandin receptors in the stomach; b) the test substances react with prostaglandin in the nutritive solution; c) the substances stimulate metabolic processes in the stomach wall that break down prostaglandin.
Vaccine
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to cows; pertaining to, derived from, or caused by, vaccinia; as, vaccine virus; the vaccine disease.
(n.) The virus of vaccinia used in vaccination.
(n.) any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism are also used, some of which are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.
Example Sentences:
(1) We were able to detect genetic recombination between vaccine strains of PRV following in vitro or in vivo coinoculation of 2 strains of PRV.
(2) Attempts are now being made to use this increased understanding to produce effective killed vaccines that produce immune responses in the lung.
(3) We have measured the antibody specificities to the two polysaccharides in sera from asymptomatic group C meningococcal carriers and vaccinated adults by a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using methylated human serum albumin for coating the group C polysaccharide onto microtiter plates.
(4) The simultaneous administration of the yellow fever vaccine did not influence the titre of agglutinins induced by the classic cholera vaccine.
(5) Before carrier vaccines are applied, these risks must be thoroughly evaluated case-by-case.
(6) Whole-virus vaccines prepared by Merck Sharp and Dohme (West Point, Pa.) and Merrell-National Laboratories (Cincinnati, Ohio) and subunit vaccines prepared by Parke, Davis and Company (Detroit, Mich.) and Wyeth Laboratories (Philadelphia, Pa.) were given intramuscularly in concentrations of 800, 400, or 200 chick cell-agglutinating units per dose.
(7) The prophylactic effect of immunization with P. aeruginosa polyvalent corpuscular vaccine has been shown on the model of P. aeruginosa generalized chronic infection in mice with leukopenia induced by the intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamids.
(8) The data support inclusion of these residues in future CS protein vaccines.
(9) By vaccinating adult dogs in boarding kennels the morbidity rate dropped from 83.5% to 6.5% and the mortality rate from 4.1% to 0.5%.
(10) It is clear that before general release of a new living feline infectious enteritis vaccine, there must be satisfactory evidence that concurrent infection will not affect the safety of the modified antigen.In cats infected with feline infectious enteritis there appears to be a short period, coinciding with the onset of leucopaenia, during which they are highly infectious.
(11) The combination vaccine consisted of 12 Lf tetanus toxoid and 10 TCID50 vaccinia virus "MVA" preserved with gelatine and glucosamine.
(12) We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a conjugate vaccine that links the H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide to the outer-membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B.
(13) The litter size of vaccinated gilts was larger than that of the control gilts.
(14) The SNT and the I-ELISA indicated that the pigs responded to vaccination and challenge.
(15) The value of benefit-risk, benefit-cost, and cost-effectiveness analyses lies not in providing the definitive basis for a decision on vaccine use or evaluation.
(16) Injection of about four ImD 50 of vaccine intracerebrally produced a local immunity, resulting in an immediate kill of challenge organisms given 14 days later.
(17) For the purpose of studying the role of elastase and protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacterial infection in burns, the effects of the vaccines made from each enzyme, their toxoids and OEP on protection against infection in burned mice were studied.
(18) No vaccination reactions were noted, although most birds involved in the trials were carrying Mycoplasma spp.
(19) Serum from piglets of vaccinated sows had no more bactericidal activity than did sera from non-vaccinated sows.
(20) The purpose of this study was to investigate a tumor cell vaccine delivered via peripheral lymphatics as maintenance therapy after induction of remission with chemotherapy.