(n.) One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of something else
(n.) a person who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted man.
(n.) To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Example Sentences:
(1) The process of sequence rearrangement appears to be a significant part of the evolution of the genome and may have a much greater effect on the evolution of the phenotype than sequence alteration by base substitution.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) To clarify the functional roles of His40, Glu58, and His92, we analyzed the consequences of several amino acid substitutions (His40Ala, His40Lys, His40Asp, Glu58Ala, Glu58Gln, and His92Gln) on the kinetics of GpC transesterification.
(4) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
(5) The resonance Raman spectra of oxy and deoxy cobalt-substituted hemoglobin (CoHb) are reported.
(6) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
(7) S-methyl-l-cysteine, 2-hydroxy-4-methiol butyric acid, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and methionine peptides were the only compounds supporting growth, when substituted for methionine.
(8) This implies that the epitope(s) of NNA-PLA2 might comprise some substituted residues in the sequence of PLA2 homologues.
(9) The deletions and substitutions appear to occur in separate molecules.
(10) Combination of domain substitutions to generate the [Glu107,123]bFGF and [Arg19,Lys123,126]bFGF mutants did not show any additivity of the mutations on biological activity.
(11) N-Methoxysulphonamides showed no inhibitory activity, as predicted by the classic work of Krebs on N-substituted inhibitors.
(12) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(13) In contrast, strains carrying the substitutions Ile-30----Phe, Gly-33----Leu, Gly-58----Leu, and Lys-34----Val and the Lys-34----Val, Glu-37----Gln double substitution were found to possess a coupled phenotype similar to that of the wild type.
(14) Substitutes: Andoni Zubizarreta (Spain), Lajos Detari (Hungary), Dragan Stojkovic (Yugoslavia), Igor Belanov (USSR), Preben Elkjær Larsen (Denmark), Lars Larsson (Sweden), Alexandre Zavarov (USSR).
(15) Lipoprotein concentrations reverted to normal after substitution with thyroxine (T4) until the euthyroid state was reached.
(16) Taken together with our previous studies showing that MDMA substitutes for the phenylisopropylamine stimulant (+)amphetamine, but that neither MDE nor N-OH MDA substitute for (+)amphetamine or for the phenylisopropylamine hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), the present results [i.e., MDMA-stimulus generalization to MDE, N-OH MDA, but not to (+)amphetamine] suggest that 1) MDMA produces effects other than those that may be considered amphetamine-like, and 2) MDE and N-OH MDA are MDMA-like agents with even less of an amphetamine-like component of action than MDMA itself.
(17) TK1 showed the most restricted substrate specificity but tolerated 3'-modifications of the sugar ring and some 5-substitutions of the pyrimidine ring.
(18) Substitution of DnaK protein with that of the mutant DnaK756 protein blocks lambda P release.
(19) To selectively stain polyanionic macromolecules of growth plate cartilage and to prevent artifacts induced by aqueous fixation, proximal tibial growth plates were excised from rats, slam-frozen, and freeze-substituted in 100% methanol containing the cationic dye Alcian blue.
(20) Plasma drug concentrations, subjective self-ratings, and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were evaluated during 24 hours after dosage.
Succedaneum
Definition:
(n.) One who, or that which, succeeds to the place of another; that which is used for something else; a substitute
(n.) a remedy used as a substitute for another.
Example Sentences:
(1) When a caput succedaneum has developed in the measuring area the mean value of the tcPco2 is significantly higher (62.70 mmHg instead of 55.14 mmHg respectively 68.98 mmHg instead of 65.98 mmHg) at 39 degrees C respectively 44 degrees C. No significant influence of different preparation techniques of the measuring site has been found during this investigation.
(2) The mean pH-values were: (see article) 42 of the children had a severe or moderate caput succedaneum.
(3) Comparing the data of the transcutaneous measurement (pb PCO2) with the pb PCO2 of the peripheral blood (pb PCO2) in cases without a caput succedaneum, we found a correlation coefficient of r = 0.79 and a slope of 1.1.
(4) A neonate compromised by a stressful labor, low birth weight, anemia, seizures, and enterocolitis developed necrosis of a caput succedaneum of the calvaria.
(5) There was a high incidence of abnormal labour in 28 of these 57 infants (50%) (dysfunctional labour patterns without obvious cephalopelvic disproportion, including false labour, prolonged active-phase dilatation, (prolonged descent, marked caput succedaneum).
(6) Using the measured pH-values we investigated the relationship between these variables, in particular the degree of influence of considerable caput succedaneum on pH-values in peripheral blood.
(7) The development of a caput succedaneum leads to higher absolute values of the tcPco2.
(8) A careful evaluation of fetal head deformation, extensive caput succedaneum, and extensive retinal haemorrhages can help to interpret an abnormal labour retrospectively.
(9) Caput succedaneum seems to have only minimal influence on the pH of blood obtained from the presenting fetal part.
(10) We focused particulary on dysfunctional labor patterns, specifically false labor, protracted active phase dilatation, protracted descent or a marked caput succedaneum.
(11) The discriminatory analysis indicated that the more significants predictors were: Apgar at five minutes, prolonged labor, twins, resuscitation, DIP I, cephalhematoma, caput succedaneum, umbilical artery pH, urgent cesarean section, hemorrhagic amniotic fluid, gestational edema, variable DIP, high forceps.
(12) The influence of caput succedaneum formation on the oxygen saturation results obtained with a pulse oximeter was studied in 30 newborn infants.
(13) On the other hand with the development of a caput succedaneum the correlation coefficient was lowered to r = 0.72 and the slope to 0.85.
(14) While our results show a good overall conformity between PCO2 levels measured transcutaneously and those from peripheral blood, our analysis shows also to what extent the conformity can be influenced both by the existence of a caput succedaneum and by the propulsion of the presenting part.