(n.) One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of something else
(n.) a person who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted man.
(n.) To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Example Sentences:
(1) The process of sequence rearrangement appears to be a significant part of the evolution of the genome and may have a much greater effect on the evolution of the phenotype than sequence alteration by base substitution.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) To clarify the functional roles of His40, Glu58, and His92, we analyzed the consequences of several amino acid substitutions (His40Ala, His40Lys, His40Asp, Glu58Ala, Glu58Gln, and His92Gln) on the kinetics of GpC transesterification.
(4) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
(5) The resonance Raman spectra of oxy and deoxy cobalt-substituted hemoglobin (CoHb) are reported.
(6) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
(7) S-methyl-l-cysteine, 2-hydroxy-4-methiol butyric acid, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and methionine peptides were the only compounds supporting growth, when substituted for methionine.
(8) This implies that the epitope(s) of NNA-PLA2 might comprise some substituted residues in the sequence of PLA2 homologues.
(9) The deletions and substitutions appear to occur in separate molecules.
(10) Combination of domain substitutions to generate the [Glu107,123]bFGF and [Arg19,Lys123,126]bFGF mutants did not show any additivity of the mutations on biological activity.
(11) N-Methoxysulphonamides showed no inhibitory activity, as predicted by the classic work of Krebs on N-substituted inhibitors.
(12) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(13) In contrast, strains carrying the substitutions Ile-30----Phe, Gly-33----Leu, Gly-58----Leu, and Lys-34----Val and the Lys-34----Val, Glu-37----Gln double substitution were found to possess a coupled phenotype similar to that of the wild type.
(14) Substitutes: Andoni Zubizarreta (Spain), Lajos Detari (Hungary), Dragan Stojkovic (Yugoslavia), Igor Belanov (USSR), Preben Elkjær Larsen (Denmark), Lars Larsson (Sweden), Alexandre Zavarov (USSR).
(15) Lipoprotein concentrations reverted to normal after substitution with thyroxine (T4) until the euthyroid state was reached.
(16) Taken together with our previous studies showing that MDMA substitutes for the phenylisopropylamine stimulant (+)amphetamine, but that neither MDE nor N-OH MDA substitute for (+)amphetamine or for the phenylisopropylamine hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), the present results [i.e., MDMA-stimulus generalization to MDE, N-OH MDA, but not to (+)amphetamine] suggest that 1) MDMA produces effects other than those that may be considered amphetamine-like, and 2) MDE and N-OH MDA are MDMA-like agents with even less of an amphetamine-like component of action than MDMA itself.
(17) TK1 showed the most restricted substrate specificity but tolerated 3'-modifications of the sugar ring and some 5-substitutions of the pyrimidine ring.
(18) Substitution of DnaK protein with that of the mutant DnaK756 protein blocks lambda P release.
(19) To selectively stain polyanionic macromolecules of growth plate cartilage and to prevent artifacts induced by aqueous fixation, proximal tibial growth plates were excised from rats, slam-frozen, and freeze-substituted in 100% methanol containing the cationic dye Alcian blue.
(20) Plasma drug concentrations, subjective self-ratings, and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were evaluated during 24 hours after dosage.
Supersede
Definition:
(v. t.) To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.
(v. t.) To displace, or set aside, and put another in place of; as, to supersede an officer.
(v. t.) To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to suspend; to stay.
(v. t.) To omit; to forbear.
Example Sentences:
(1) It was superseded by a new version earlier this year.
(2) At higher [Ca2+]i, the effect of K+ channels on Em is superseded by opening of nonselective cation channels, producing depolarization.
(3) The cephalic signal can be superseded by juvenile hormone, whose presence is necessary for each follicle to become vitellogenic.
(4) In an age of economic crisis, the tacit assumption of the governing class is that political reform is superseded by the growing demand for security.
(5) Radiological studies of Willis' circle morphology are mainly performed in search of intracerebral aneurysms, and for this purpose digital imaging has not superseded conventional radiology.
(6) This extracellular action may supersede the action of collagenase and the activity of these different enzymes would thus be regulated by changes in the nature of this microenvironment.
(7) Indeed, by the mid-17th century, Caravaggism was already out of favour in Rome and had been superseded by a Raphaelesque classicism, practised most gracefully by Annibale Carracci.
(8) In spite of his life seeming superficially great, in spite of all the praise and accolades, in spite of all the loving friends and family, there is a predominant voice in the mind of an addict that supersedes all reason and that voice wants you dead.
(9) During the period under review the Phemister procedure was replaced by percutaneous epiphysiodesis, and orthoroentgenogram was superseded by computed tomography (CT) scanning.
(10) Indeed, by analogy with anti-hypertensive therapy, enzyme inhibitors could eventually supersede receptor antagonists for the treatment of acid-related diseases.
(11) Autoregulation graduates to wingless independence, but is transient, and is superseded by an engrailed-independent mode of maintenance.
(12) Early excision-graft of burned hands seems to have totally superseded the conventional method of progressive detorsion often with late grafting.
(13) Graphene is claimed by some as an innovation that will prove as revolutionary as the silicon chip, or even plastics, both of which it may supersede.
(14) Stupid, sadistic, public-school educated, a former Black and Tan and one-time professional strikebreaker in the United States, "wanted in New Orleans for the murder of a coloured woman", it's tempting to see him as a satirical portrait of the archetypal hero of the moribund thrillers that Ambler was so determined to supersede, unmasked and revealed for the cryptofascist brute he really is.
(15) If you are in this position, your rights also supersede what are commonly known as "squatters' rights".
(16) Streptomycin undoubtedly will be improved upon and superseded by some other agent in the future, giving us better control of this disease and possibly enabling us to eradicate it.
(17) The application of this combination of techniques supersedes the traditional approaches (gel filtration on polydextran gels, electrophoresis) in specificity and speed.
(18) People and companies are entitled to acquire and hold private assets, but there are times – as in the run-up to the Olympics, as in the period of urban reconstruction after the second world war – when the public good must supersede the rights of those who wish to retain and profit from private assets.
(19) It is designed as an objective system--superseding former weighting processes, which were influenced by ambition, prestige, prejudice and narrow politics--and has sufficient flexibility to accommodate both the anticipated and the unforeseen.
(20) The principle that the best management is resection and exteriorisation of the ends, which was developed in the early 1970s, has been superseded by the realisation that resection and primary anastomosis can be safe in a well-resuscitated infant in whom the bowel ends appear viable.