(n.) One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of something else
(n.) a person who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted man.
(n.) To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Example Sentences:
(1) The process of sequence rearrangement appears to be a significant part of the evolution of the genome and may have a much greater effect on the evolution of the phenotype than sequence alteration by base substitution.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) To clarify the functional roles of His40, Glu58, and His92, we analyzed the consequences of several amino acid substitutions (His40Ala, His40Lys, His40Asp, Glu58Ala, Glu58Gln, and His92Gln) on the kinetics of GpC transesterification.
(4) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
(5) The resonance Raman spectra of oxy and deoxy cobalt-substituted hemoglobin (CoHb) are reported.
(6) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
(7) S-methyl-l-cysteine, 2-hydroxy-4-methiol butyric acid, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and methionine peptides were the only compounds supporting growth, when substituted for methionine.
(8) This implies that the epitope(s) of NNA-PLA2 might comprise some substituted residues in the sequence of PLA2 homologues.
(9) The deletions and substitutions appear to occur in separate molecules.
(10) Combination of domain substitutions to generate the [Glu107,123]bFGF and [Arg19,Lys123,126]bFGF mutants did not show any additivity of the mutations on biological activity.
(11) N-Methoxysulphonamides showed no inhibitory activity, as predicted by the classic work of Krebs on N-substituted inhibitors.
(12) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(13) In contrast, strains carrying the substitutions Ile-30----Phe, Gly-33----Leu, Gly-58----Leu, and Lys-34----Val and the Lys-34----Val, Glu-37----Gln double substitution were found to possess a coupled phenotype similar to that of the wild type.
(14) Substitutes: Andoni Zubizarreta (Spain), Lajos Detari (Hungary), Dragan Stojkovic (Yugoslavia), Igor Belanov (USSR), Preben Elkjær Larsen (Denmark), Lars Larsson (Sweden), Alexandre Zavarov (USSR).
(15) Lipoprotein concentrations reverted to normal after substitution with thyroxine (T4) until the euthyroid state was reached.
(16) Taken together with our previous studies showing that MDMA substitutes for the phenylisopropylamine stimulant (+)amphetamine, but that neither MDE nor N-OH MDA substitute for (+)amphetamine or for the phenylisopropylamine hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), the present results [i.e., MDMA-stimulus generalization to MDE, N-OH MDA, but not to (+)amphetamine] suggest that 1) MDMA produces effects other than those that may be considered amphetamine-like, and 2) MDE and N-OH MDA are MDMA-like agents with even less of an amphetamine-like component of action than MDMA itself.
(17) TK1 showed the most restricted substrate specificity but tolerated 3'-modifications of the sugar ring and some 5-substitutions of the pyrimidine ring.
(18) Substitution of DnaK protein with that of the mutant DnaK756 protein blocks lambda P release.
(19) To selectively stain polyanionic macromolecules of growth plate cartilage and to prevent artifacts induced by aqueous fixation, proximal tibial growth plates were excised from rats, slam-frozen, and freeze-substituted in 100% methanol containing the cationic dye Alcian blue.
(20) Plasma drug concentrations, subjective self-ratings, and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were evaluated during 24 hours after dosage.
Turps
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Multivariate analyses based on a general linear model approach for the dependent variable of survival were used to assess gains in predictive efficiency due to combinations of TURP versus control, time, and patient variables.
(2) No homologous blood was transfused in TURP when salvaged autologous blood with or without preserved blood was retransfused to the patient.
(3) At 12 months TURP had also improved micturition time and voided volume, which TUI had not.
(4) When either or both fail, TURP is required if the patient's condition permits, for TURP remains the standard.
(5) These results suggest that TURP does not increase long-term mortality after surgery for the treatment of BPH.
(6) In comparing that group with the group who did not have TURP, osseous metastases developed in 28% versus 22%, respectively.
(7) The observed plasma glycine increase after TURP correlated well with fall in serum sodium and rise in serum PAP, with the blood loss during and up to 15 min after TURP, and also with the weight of the resected tissue.
(8) Forty-three patients were allocated to TURP and 32 to TVP.
(9) Nonetheless, objective measures of success rarely duplicate those regularly achieved by TURP.
(10) Since the significance can be altered by changing one stratification factor, there must be some doubt about the validity of other studies which either confirm or refute the hypothesis that TURP has an adverse influence on the disease process.
(11) We report the unique association of acute and very severe isotonic hyponatremia with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in the post-TURP setting.
(12) The plasma glycine level, highest immediately after TURP, normalized 24-48 hours postoperatively.
(13) Cultures from some specimens of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) contained many fibroblast colonies due to incomplete separation of acini from the stroma.
(14) Some 80% of patients were completely pain free at 8 and 24 h post-operation, and low pain scores recorded by the remaining 20% of patients supported the conclusion that TURP performed under spinal analgesia is not commonly associated with severe post-operative pain.
(15) The amount of tissue from a needle biopsy constitutes less than 3% of the material obtained from a TURP.
(16) However, in the present study the patients' own expenses related to the operation were small and revealed minor differences in favour of TURP.
(17) The authors report two cases of acquired prostatorectal fistulae after TURP, which were treated by a Kraske approach.
(18) TURP was performed in 41 patients using Sorbitol-Mannitol IF (Group A) and in 6 patients using distilled water (Group B).
(19) The operative superiority of epidural anesthesia during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) stimulated this study.
(20) A group of 25 patients with strictures of the membranous urethra following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were investigated and treated initially by careful urethral dilatation.