What's the difference between substrata and substrate?
Substrata
Definition:
(pl. ) of Substratum
Example Sentences:
(1) The rate of accumulation of degraded LDL products was lower in collagen gel cultures, but the final levels achieved were the same in the two substrata.
(2) The response of cultured mesothelial cells to different growth substrata supports the hypothesis that intermediate filament synthesis is influenced by cellular contact with the extracellular matrix.
(3) Immunostaining revealed that cushion mesenchymal cells cultured on substrata other than vitronectin synthesized vitronectin.
(4) By simple modifications of conditions for protein adsorption on glass we obtained a set of substrata all coated with proteins of ECM (protein carpets) but with different physical properties.
(5) (v) Cells on all substrata examined lose virtually all mRNA for whey acidic protein despite the fact that this mRNA is abundant in the mammary gland itself; we conclude that additional, as-yet-unknown, factors are necessary for synthesis and secretion of whey acidic protein in culture.
(6) Subculturing of these cells onto substrata laid down by well differentiated (mature) colon carcinoma cells resulted in cell attachment and spreading.
(7) Ammoniacal extracts of bloodstains and dried bloodstains on cotton substrata behaved comparably with respect to the parameters studied.
(8) We have found that neoplastic transformation alters the ability of cells to grow on substrata of tissue extracts, "biomatrices", enriched in extracellular matrix.
(9) Each of these substrata have been implicated in directing neural crest cell migration in situ.
(10) A simple adhesion assay was used to measure the interaction between rat oligodendrocytes and various substrata, including a matrix secreted by glial cells.
(11) Computer analysis of cells grown three-dimensionally on agar provides a powerful approach to studying the effects of hormones and provides observations not available when cells are grown on plastic substrata.
(12) Therefore: (i) spontaneous oscillations of [Ca2+]i occur in neutrophils adherent to various substrata; (ii) these oscillations do not preclude and can be dissociated from the response to fMLP; (iii) neutrophil functions might be controlled by [Ca2+]i oscillations rather than by sustained alterations of [Ca2+]i.
(13) However, the high level of metabolic stress in the immediate postoperative period and the need for substrata to favour hepatic regeneration seem to indicate the need for early, aggressive nutritional treatment, which should be accompanied by a correct evaluation of its effect on postoperative evolution.
(14) This study differs from the majority of other investigations on human keratinocytes in that no feeder layers or other biological substrata were used.
(15) On these substrata, cultured astrocytes changed their shape from flat and polygonal to stellate in the absence of hormones or growth factor supplements.
(16) F9 and PC13 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells adhered rapidly to growth substrata coated with fibronectin or laminin.
(17) Human dermal fibroblasts generate different adhesive responses on HS-binding or cell-binding substrata, which are dependent on whether cells have been grown in medium with ascorbate to maximize production of their own collagenous matrix.
(18) Cells attached with reduced efficiency on CTB substrata as compared with pFN substrata and required a much longer time to form neurite processes for a small percentage of cells on CTB.
(19) Neurons from either embryonic age displayed radial neurite outgrowth on collagen and dColl substrata.
(20) The technique expands the application of the 'whole-mount' approach of Hopkins and co-workers (Hopkins et al., 1981; Hopkins, 1985) to cells cultured directly on polystyrene substrata, that is, in conventional plastic culture vessels.
Substrate
Definition:
(n.) A substratum.
(a.) Having very slight furrows.
(v. t.) To strew or lay under anything.
Example Sentences:
(1) 5-HT thus appears to be the preferred substrate for uptake into platelets and for movement from cytoplasm to vesicles.
(2) Some common eye movement deficits, and concepts such as 'the neural integrator' and the 'velocity storage mechanism', for which anatomical substrates are still sought, are introduced.
(3) These results demonstrate that increased availability of galactose, a high-affinity substrate for the enzyme, leads to increased aldose reductase messenger RNA, which suggests a role for aldose reductase in sugar metabolism in the lens.
(4) The common polyamines, spermidine and spermine, and histones were not substrates.
(5) Manometric studies with resting cells obtained by growth on each of these sulfur sources yielded net oxygen uptake for all substrates except sulfite and dithionate.
(6) The PSB dioxygenase system displayed a narrow substrate range: none of 18 sulphonated or non-sulphonated analogues of PSB showed significant substrate-dependent O2 uptake.
(7) The observed relationship between prorenin and renin substrate concentrations might be a consequence of their regulation by common factors.
(8) This theory was confirmed by product analysis and by measuring the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme by its inhibition of p-nitrophenyl glucoside hydrolysis.
(9) Yields of Thiobacillus dentrificans on different substrates were compared.
(10) It includes preincubation of diluted plasma with ellagic acid and phospholipids and a starting reagent that contains calcium and a chromogenic peptide substrate for thrombin, Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA.
(11) The present results provide no evidence for a clear morphological substrate for electrotonic transmission in the somatic efferent portion of the primate oculomotor nucleus.
(12) Fluorination with [18F]acetylhypofluorite yields 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa with 95% radiochemical purity; fluorination of the same substrate with [18F]F2 yields a mixture of all three structural isomers in a ratio of 70:16:14 for 6-, 5-, and 2-fluoro compounds.
(13) The enzyme, when assayed as either a phospholipase A2 or lysophospholipase, exhibited nonlinear kinetics beyond 1-2 min despite low substrate conversion.
(14) The stopped-flow technique was used to measure the rate constants for the reactions between the oxidized forms of peroxidase with luminol and the following substrates: p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-clorophenol, o-iodophenol, m-iodophenol, luciferin, and 2-iodo-6-hydroxybenzothiazole.
(15) The time-course and dose-response for this modification of pp60c-src paralleled PDGF-induced increases in phosphorylation of pp36, a major cellular substrate for several tyrosine-specific protein kinases.
(16) Control incubations revealed an inherent difference between the two substrates; gram-positive supernatants consistently contained 5% radioactivity, whereas even at 0 h, those from the gram-negative mutant released 22%.
(17) Uptake could be supported either by substrate oxidation or by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and was inhibited in the former case by antimycin or cyanide, in the latter case by oligomycin, and in both cases by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
(18) These results indicate that both the renal brush-border and basolateral membranes possess the Na(+)-dependent dicarboxylate transport system with very similar properties but with different substrate affinity and transport capacity.
(19) Congenitally deficient plasmas were used as the substrate for the measurement of procoagulant activities in a one-stage clotting assay.
(20) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.