(1) The sulfinyl- and sulfonylquinazolines also retained antimalarial effects against chloroquine-, cycloguanil-, and DDS-resistant lines of P. berghei in mice and against chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant strains of P. falciparum in owl monkeys.
(2) Omeprazole (5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5- dimethylpyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole) appeared to inhibit gastric (H+-K+)-ATPase by oxidizing its essential sulfhydryl groups, since the gastric ATPase inactivated by the drug in vivo or in vitro recovered its K+-dependent ATP hydrolyzing activity upon incubation with mercaptoethanol.
(3) We elaborate the observed reaction sequences that lead to sulfinyl radicals, and, using 17O isotopic substitution studies, demonstrate that the oxygen atom in sulfinyl radicals originates from dissolved molecular oxygen.
(4) Structural features which appear to be essential for mutagenic activity in these strains of the steroids are (1) reactive thio, sulfonyl or sulfinyl groups at the 6 position and (2) a halogen group at the 3 position of the steroidal nucleus.
(5) Sulindac (cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-l-[(p-methyl sulfinyl)-benzylidene]-indene-3-acetic acid) is a new nonsteroidal antirheumatic drug recently evaluated in a double-blind trial of 91 patients with hip osteoarthritis.
(6) The latter compound, however, undergoes oxidative decarboxylation and sulfoxidation to give [(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfinyl]acetate; ring oxidation is not observed.
(7) The cysteine peroxyl radical reacts to form the cysteine sulfinyl radical (CysSO.)
(8) Biochemical and pharmacological properties of a newly synthesized compound, 2-[(2-dimethylaminobenzyl)sulfinyl] benzimidazole (NC-1300), were studied.
(9) and upon introduction of oxygen; (4) sulfinyl radicals, RSO., where R represents the remainder of the cysteine, glutathione or penicillamine moiety.
(10) Among these compounds, 2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methyl]sulfinyl] - 1H-benzimidazole, AG-1749 (lansoprazole) (6f), was selected for further development and clinical evaluation.
(11) The mercaptoazoles and their oxidized derivatives (sulfinyl- and sulfonylazoles) represent a series of possible surrogates for acidic groups which span a pKa range from about 4.5-11.5.
(12) Many 2-[[(4-fluoroalkoxy-2-pyridyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazoles were synthesized and tested for anti-secretory, antiulcer, and cytoprotective activities.
(13) Among them, 8-[(5-fluoro-2-benzimidazolyl)sulfinyl]-3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroqu inoline (XIVm) was found to have the most potent activity.
(14) We find that the sulfinyl radical is a ubiquitous intermediate in the free radical chemistry of these important biological compounds, and also show that peroxyl radical attack on thiols may lead to sulfinyl radicals.
(15) [(Pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles 1 (PSBs) are a class of highly potent antisecretory (H+,K+)-ATPase inhibitors which need to be activated by acid to form their active principle, the cyclic sulfenamide 4.
(16) A series of 8-alkylthio(sulfinyl and sulfonyl)-12-hydroxyalkanoic acids which embody structural features of 11,12-secoprostaglandins was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to mimic the E series prostaglandins in stimulating cAMP formation in the mouse ovary and in binding to the rat lipocyte prostaglandin receptor.
(17) By means of oxidation of the 2-methylthio-substituted pyridine-3-carbonitriles 3 and 4 with potassium periodate and potassium permanganate in diluted acetic acid, respectively, the sulfinyl compounds 5 and 6, respectively, and the sulfonyl compounds 7 and 8, respectively, were prepared.
(18) The identity of the cysteine sulfinyl radical has been confirmed by the use of molecular oxygen isotopically labeled with 17O.
(19) The title compound, derived in four steps beginning with the cyclopropanation reaction of the anion of the alpha-sulfinyl ketimine (4R,SS)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-5-(p-tolysul finyl)methyl)-2H-pyrrole with 2-chloroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, contains a shorter than expected bond (C(7)--C(8) 1.48(l) A) and a larger than expected angle (S(1)--C(6)--C(2) 123.2(6) in the cyclopropane framework.
(20) A series of 2,4-diamino-6-[(aralkyl and alicyclic)thio-, sulfinyl-, and sulfonyl]quinazolines was prepared via condensation of 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile or 5,6-dichloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile with the appropriate aralkyl or alicyclic thiopseudourea, reduction of the resulting 2-nitro-5-[(aralkyl or alicyclic)thio]benzonitrile with stannous chloride to the amine, and cyclization with chloroformamidine hydrochloride.
Thionyl
Definition:
(n.) The hypothetical radical SO, regarded as an essential constituent of certain sulphurous compounds; as, thionyl chloride.
Example Sentences:
(1) Selective cleavage of O-benzyl groups in the presence of an N-benzyl group using HCl and formation of a cyclic sulfite ester from the reaction of a catechol with thionyl chloride were achieved.
(2) Substituted o-aminobenzoic acids used as the starting materials were allowed to react with acetic anhydride and then p-amino-phenol (method A), or with N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)formamide (method B), or with thionyl chloride and then N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)formamide (method C) to form 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl(benzyl)]-substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinones (III).
(3) The reaction between 1,9-phenazinedicarboxylic acid and thionyl chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide unexpectedly gave 4-chloro-1,9-phenazinedicarbonyl chloride.
(4) Treatment of the 2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexa- O-acetyl-alpha, alpha-trehalosuronic acid 16 with thionyl chloride followed by diazomethane gave a crystalline bisdiazoketone which, however, failed to produce the expected bis(heptosiduronic acid) on attempted Wolff rearrangement.
(5) One of these analogues, dimethylthionocarbamylcholine (DMTC-Ch), has the ester carbonyl oxygen replaced by a thionyl sulfur.
(6) Hydrolysis of 3 gave the corresponding acids 4 which on treatment with thionyl chloride followed by ammonia afforded the corresponding carboxamides 5.
(7) The oxathiadiazoles 6 were synthesized by a two-step sequence: treatment of a substituted acetonitrile (4) with hydroxylamine to give the corresponding amidoxime (5) and cyclization with thionyl chloride to yield 6.
(8) Preservatives were isolated by extraction of the samples with diethyl ether in acidic media, and then converted into methyl esters with thionyl chloride.
(9) This route involves displacement reactions on the allylic chloride (4h) prepared from 4a by reaction with thionyl chloride.
(10) The reaction of 3beta, 5beta-dihydroxy cholestanes with thionyl chloride is shown to yield cyclicsulfite esters containing boat heterocyclic rings with the S=O oxygen axial or equatorial, depending upon the mode of formation.
(11) Treatment of these compounds with hydriodic acid at 95 degrees and then with thionyl chloride gave rise to the formation of the corresponding bis-(beta-chloroethyl)amino derivatives.
(12) A second generation, implantable drug administration device (DAD, Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis) which contains a 20-mL drug reservoir, a lithium-thionyl-chloride battery, a peristaltic roller pump, a microprocessor circuit, and an acoustic transducer has entered clinical trials.
(13) (Ethoxycarbonyl)phosphonic dichloride (3) was synthesized by chlorination of bis(trimethylsilyl) (ethoxycarbonyl)phosphonate with thionyl chloride.
(14) GC analysis of the reaction product of 5alpha-cholestan-6alpha-ol and thionyl chloride showed the formation of 6alpha-chloro-5alpha-cholestane, cholest-5-ene, 5-chloro-5alpha-cholestane, and traces of four unidentified substances, whilst the GC-MS system furnished visual reproductions of the gas chromatograms, but again failed to yield corresponding mass chromatograms.
(15) Azulenes reacted unexpectedly and readily with thionyl chloride to give sulfonic acid chlorides and bisthioethers.
(16) Chlorination of 4a with thionyl chloride followed by alpha-bromination with bromine yielded 2-bromo-3,3-dimethyl[1-14C]-butyryl halide (5a), which was subsequently condensed with alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzylamine (6a) to afford [carbonyl-14C]bromobutide (1a).
(17) We have synthesized this derivative from the reaction of thionyl chloride with O6-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, and have found that it decomposes to 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine through an intermediate, presumably 1,O6-ethanoguanine.
(18) Diols II, synthesized from I with NaBH4, were cyclized to five-membered cyclic compounds III by using N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole, thionyl chloride, N,N'-(thiocarbonyl)diimidazole, bromochloromethane, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, and cyclohexanone dimethyl ketal.
(19) The acetylated derivative of the trihydroxy C25 bile acid was then converted into 3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,26-tetraacetoxy-27-nor-5 beta-cholestan-25-one by successive treatment with thionyl chloride, diazomethane, and acetic acid.
(20) Treatment of methyl ricinoleate with thionyl chloride, followed by the reaction with dichlorocarbene gave the corresponding 12-chloro-dichlorocyclopropane derivative.