(a.) Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by duty or necessity; as, supererogatory services.
Example Sentences:
(1) These duties follow from four general ethical principles--respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice--plus the self-imposed supererogatory duty of medical beneficence.
(2) He argues that an important element of being a health care professional is the assumption of a special and supererogatory obligation to benefit one's patients, even when this entails real risks.
(3) That the afference of the truncal system appears to enter the cord at the last two thoracic segments supports earlier conjectures about a supererogatory static function of the kidneys.
(4) Supererogatory acts are considered by some to be part of medicine, whereas others accept supererogation to be a gratuitous virtue, to be extolled when present, but not to be demanded.
Supernumerary
Definition:
(a.) Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as, a supernumerary officer in a regiment.
(a.) Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number or quality; superfluous; as, supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense.
(n.) A person or thing beyond the number stated.
(n.) A person or thing beyond what is necessary or usual; especially, a person employed not for regular service, but only to fill the place of another in case of need; specifically, in theaters, a person who is not a regular actor, but is employed to appear in a stage spectacle.
Example Sentences:
(1) Based on the findings of our recent longitudinal study on the abnormalities of the dentition in cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a hypothesis has been proposed, which makes it possible to predict time of onset of formation of supernumerary teeth and their location in the jaws.
(2) In the remaining patients congenital and acquired osseous alterations, supernumerary scalene muscle, congenital fibrous bands were the etiologic factors.
(3) Examples include the specific pattern of hypodontia seen before the development of iris dysplasia in Rieger syndrome, and the presence of supernumerary teeth and facial osteomas preceding malignant transformation of intestinal polyps in Gardner syndrome.
(4) Osteopetrosis is diffuse and is associated with important metaphyseal widening as well as epiphyseal irregularities and often carpal and tarsal supernumerary bones.
(5) Thirty four individuals showed the standard karyotype 2K = 26M + 10A + (M)X + (A)Y + Bs (2n = 38 + Bs), where Bs are supernumerary chromosomes.
(6) The purpose of the present investigation was to describe the formation, maturation and eruption of the dentition, including supernumerary teeth in a sample of patients with cleidocranial dysplasia.
(7) Brilliantly fluorescent supernumerary chromocenters indistinguishable from the Y-chromatin have been often found electively in the thyroid nuclei.
(8) For differential diagnosis rudimentary supernumerary digit, cutaneous horn and granuloma pyogenicum are to be considered.
(9) They review the different symptoms, varietes and frequencies of supernumerary hepatic lobes.
(10) Supernumerary teeth were formed lingually and occlusally to the normal teeth.
(11) Previous studies have indicated that pregnant animals treated acutely with toxic levels of a variety of pharmacologically unrelated chemicals produced litters without a recognizable syndrome of defects, except for an increased incidence of supernumerary ribs (SNR).
(12) In 6 patients with proved supernumerary glands, total ischemia of the graft was not followed by significant changes in intact PTH.
(13) Only children who had both supernumerary teeth and congenitally missing teeth outside the area of the cleft alveolus were included.
(14) These are characterized by: (I) hyperdiploid karyotypes including one or more supernumerary ring chromosomes (5 cases); (II) diploid karyotypes with mostly balanced rearrangements involving 12q13-14 (13 cases), including the rearrangement t(3;12) (q27-28;q13-14) in 4 cases; (III) hypodiploid or diploid karyotypes with other aberrations than ring chromosomes or rearrangements of 12q13-14 (8 cases); and (IV) normal karyotypes (9 cases).
(15) Therefore, both types of voltage-dependence for sperm entry are present in oocytes, although the depolarization caused by a single sperm is not large enough to permit its entry, nor is the depolarization caused by many sperm sufficient to prevent the entry of supernumerary sperm.
(16) These results demonstrate that in the immature rat more than 50% of PCs are each innervated by at least two distinct CFs; later on, the disappearance of the supernumerary synapses between CF and PC leads, as early as day 15, to the one-to-one relationship between CF and PC.
(17) Report of a supernumerary extra chromosome der(11;22)(q23;q12) resulting from a balanced translocation in the mother.
(18) Recurrent hyperparathyroidism (four patients) was the major late postoperative complication, but was more frequently the result of a supernumerary or previously overlooked fourth parathyroid gland (three), than due to hyperplasia of residual parathyroid tissue (one).
(19) A supernumerary valvula of the pulmonary semilunar valve was found in a 51-year old, male Japanese.
(20) In order to directly evaluate the effects of sperm antibodies in human in vitro fertilization (IVF), the authors preincubated donor sperm in female sera containing sperm antibodies and then inseminated supernumerary human oocytes from a gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) program.