(a.) Swimming above; floating on the surface; as, oil supernatant on water.
(n.) The liquid remaining after solids suspended in the liquid have been sedimented by gravity or by centrifugation. Contrasted with the solid sediment, or (in centrifugation) the pellet.
Example Sentences:
(1) After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187, culture supernatants of clones c18A and c29A showed cytotoxic activity against human melanoma A375 Met-Mix and other cell lines which were resistant to the tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and interleukin 1.
(2) Stimulation is also observed with mixtures of APC expressing DPw3 and APC expressing A1, and likewise, DPw3+ APC become stimulatory when preincubated with supernatants from A1-positive cells.
(3) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.
(4) Control incubations revealed an inherent difference between the two substrates; gram-positive supernatants consistently contained 5% radioactivity, whereas even at 0 h, those from the gram-negative mutant released 22%.
(5) In fact, the addition of conditioned medium obtained by 48 hr preincubation of isolated monocytes with 10% PF-382 supernatant (M-CM2) or the concomitant addition of supernatant from PF-382 cells (PF-382-CM) and from unstimulated monocytes (M-CM1) are capable of fully replacing the presence of monocytes in the BFU-E assay.
(6) Stable factor-dependent B-cell hybridomas were used to monitor the purification of the growth factor from the supernatant of a clonotypically stimulated mouse helper T-cell clone.
(7) By contrast, the concentrations of IgA1 kappa and IgA1 lambda in PBMC culture supernatants, both spontaneous and PWM-stimulated, were identical in patients and controls.
(8) The 105 000 X g supernatant of the reaction mixture, which contained more than 85% of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, did not inactivate the plasmid DNA.
(9) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
(10) Furthermore, exogenous IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, or a rat Con A supernatant failed to abrogate DFMO inhibition.
(11) Though no strict relationship could be observed between titers in the IH test and the time it took mice to die from the intravenous inoculation of mice (IIM test), results of the supernatants examined by both methods demonstrated that the IH test was more sensitive than the IIM one.
(12) The ratio of the metabolically produced Ic to Ib but not the total amount of N-oxygenated metabolites varied greatly depending of the liver microsomal fractions used in the incubation mixtures of Ia; more Ib was produced from Ia using 9000 g supernatant and conversely, more Ic was formed using the washed microsomes of the same liver.
(13) In healthy persons the supernatant of lymphocytes preincubated with PHA and ALG was found to show a stimulating effect to clonogenic properties of marrow progenitors, the mentioned effect being not in proportion to the concentration value.
(14) The particular advantage of the method described here is the ease with which the supernatants can be collected and transferred to counting vials with minimal handling of radioactive samples.
(15) Presence of LAF in the culture supernatants was assessed with the mouse thymocyte assay.
(16) Therefore, it appears that although IFN-alpha and IFN-beta are not responsible for the synergizing activity present in activated T cell supernatants, they nonetheless represent a previously unrecognized source of synergizing activity.
(17) When spleen cells were further cultured in vitro for 5 days in the presence of Concanavalin-A stimulated rat spleen cell supernatant (Con-A factor), CD4 or CD8 positive cells were detected in the VV (IL-6) injected group, while few positive cells were detected in the control groups.
(18) Strong protection was observed in animals vaccinated with 10 ml-equivalent doses of soluble, B. bovis exoantigen-containing supernatant fluids.
(19) Fractionation of the supernatant from ventral or dorsal hypothalamic homogenates resulted in a bimodal distribution of IR-TSH.
(20) The in vitro metabolism of strychnine was studied in the 9000g supernatant fractions from rat and rabbit livers.
Suspension
Definition:
(n.) The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended; pendency; as, suspension from a hook.
(n.) Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or cessation
(n.) Of labor, study, pain, etc.
(n.) Of decision, determination, judgment, etc.; as, to ask a suspension of judgment or opinion in view of evidence to be produced.
(n.) Of the payment of what is due; as, the suspension of a mercantile firm or of a bank.
(n.) Of punishment, or sentence of punishment.
(n.) Of a person in respect of the exercise of his office, powers, prerogative, etc.; as, the suspension of a student or of a clergyman.
(n.) Of the action or execution of law, etc.; as, the suspension of the habeas corpus act.
(n.) A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay; as, the suspension of a payment on the performance of a condition.
(n.) The state of a solid when its particles are mixed with, but undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining; also, any substance in this state.
(n.) A keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or of what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations employed.
(n.) A stay or postponement of execution of a sentence condemnatory by means of letters of suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary.
(n.) The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into the chord which follows, thus producing a momentary discord, suspending the concord which the ear expects. Cf. Retardation.
Example Sentences:
(1) The number of neoplastic cells in each cell suspension was determined by cytologic criteria.
(2) The flow properties of white cells were tested after myocardial infarction, by measuring the filtration rates of cell suspensions through 8 microns pore filters.
(3) Charcoal particles coated with the lipid extract were prepared and the suspension inoculated intravenously into mice.
(4) The role of adrenergic agents in augmenting proximal tubular salt and water flux, was studied in a preparation of freshly isolated rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in suspension.
(5) On the assumption of a distribution in properties of the suspension according to the theory of Bruggeman, the capacitance is calculated to have a value of about one half this.5.
(6) In the dark cortical zone of the nodes (III group) there occur tissue basophils (mast cells), that, together with increasing number of acidophilic granulocytes and appearance of neutrophilic cells, demonstrates that there is an inflammatory reaction in the organ studied as a response to the lymphocytic suspension injected.
(7) The adherence of 51Cr-labeled platelets to rabbit aortae everted on probes rotated in platelet-red cell suspensions has been measured.
(8) For routine use, 50 mul of 12% BTV SRBC, 0.1 ml of a spleen cell suspension, and 0.5 ml of 0.5% agarose in a balanced salt solution were mixed and plated on a microscope slide precoated with 0.1% aqueous agarose.
(9) To exclude potential interactions with components of the extracellular matrix which contains binding sites for PAI-1, ligand binding to HepG2 cells in suspension was assessed.
(10) Studies on alveolar macrophages have usually been performed on a single cell suspension obtained by lung lavage.
(11) The stabilized mandible allowed suspension of the tongue.
(12) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(13) Pupils who disrupt the learning of their classmates are dealt with firmly and, in many cases, a short suspension is an effective way of nipping bad behaviour in the bud."
(14) In the first assay, we used a simple density separation technique to remove dense neutrophils (PMN) from suspensions of blood and of bone marrow cells prior to culture in semisolid agar.
(15) After short-term (1 h) incubation in suspension cultures cells were washed and plated in clonogenic agar cultures.
(16) These killer cells could lyse a wide range of syngeneic and allogeneic lymphoid tumour cell lines in vitro, and it was found that cell suspensions from nude mice were always significantly more active than those from normal mice, and that the most active effector population was a polymorph-enriched peritoneal-exudate cell suspension.
(17) Oxygen binding curves (OEC) for red cell suspensions have a biphasic shape and reduced n50 values when the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) is lowered by aging or experimental procedures.
(18) Electron microscopy showed that the clots consist mainly of a suspension of individual fibers, in contrast to clots made from native fibrinogen, which are highly branched.
(19) Released aggregates of the 19.6-kDa protein were removed from suspension by ultracentrifugation and separated from contaminating membranes by washing in 1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
(20) A case is presented with radiographically demonstrated angioedema in the stomach and small bowel accompanied by allergic rhinitis, which was apparently an allergic response to the barium sulfate suspension.