(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Thick
Definition:
(superl.) Measuring in the third dimension other than length and breadth, or in general dimension other than length; -- said of a solid body; as, a timber seven inches thick.
(superl.) Having more depth or extent from one surface to its opposite than usual; not thin or slender; as, a thick plank; thick cloth; thick paper; thick neck.
(superl.) Dense; not thin; inspissated; as, thick vapors. Also used figuratively; as, thick darkness.
(superl.) Not transparent or clear; hence, turbid, muddy, or misty; as, the water of a river is apt to be thick after a rain.
(superl.) Abundant, close, or crowded in space; closely set; following in quick succession; frequently recurring.
(superl.) Not having due distinction of syllables, or good articulation; indistinct; as, a thick utterance.
(superl.) Deep; profound; as, thick sleep.
(superl.) Dull; not quick; as, thick of fearing.
(superl.) Intimate; very friendly; familiar.
(n.) The thickest part, or the time when anything is thickest.
(n.) A thicket; as, gloomy thicks.
(adv.) Frequently; fast; quick.
(adv.) Closely; as, a plat of ground thick sown.
(adv.) To a great depth, or to a greater depth than usual; as, land covered thick with manure.
(v. t. & i.) To thicken.
Example Sentences:
(1) The variation in thickness of the LLFL may modulate the species causing damage to the cells below it.
(2) An increase in membrane thickness was observed on phosphorylation.
(3) All patients with localized subaortic hypertrophy had left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass or posterior wall thickness greater than 2 SD from normal) with a normal size cavity due to aortic valve disease (2 patients were also hypertensive).
(4) Milk yield and litter weights were similar but backfat thickness (BF) was greater in 22 C sows (P less than .05) compared to 30 C sows.
(5) The enzyme was quantitated by incubation of 16-micron-thick brain sections with 0.07-2 nM of the converting enzyme inhibitor 125I-351A and comparison to 125I-standards.
(6) Grafts of intermediate thickness (M III) showed excellent clinical healing of the donor and the recipient site.
(7) At 7 days axonal swellings were infrequently observed and the main structural feature was a reduction in myelin thickness in affected nerve fibers.
(8) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(9) The NAD-dependent enzymes (except alpha-GPDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the proximal tubules, while the NADP-dependent ones were more reactive in the thick limb of Henle's loop and distal convoluted tubules.
(10) In clinical situations on donor sites and grafted full-thickness burn wounds, the PEU film indeed prevented fluid accumulation and induced the formation of a "red" coagulum underneath.
(11) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(12) The degree of overlap varies with the thickness of the arborization and is in the order of 1-2 mu.
(13) The spatial resolution of a NaI(T1), 25 mm thick bar detector designed for use in positron emission tomography has been studied.
(14) In the longitudinal direction, however, spatial resolution of under slice thickness could not be obtained.
(15) Thus, multiparae had very thick border zones composed predominantly of large nodules and, additionally, of vacuolated cells and fibrous tissue.
(16) The thickness of the media in the groups behaves like the number of nuclei: in hypertension with the highest values, there is no significant decrease as far as the 8th cross-section, while in the coronary sclerosis and third decade groups the values come closer together after the 6th cross-section.
(17) A model for left ventricular diastolic mechanics is formulated that takes into account noneligible wall thickness, incompressibility, finite deformation, nonlinear elastic effects, and the known fiber architecture of the ventricular wall.
(18) These force-generators are identified with projections (cross-bridges) on the thick filament, each consisting of part of a myosin molecule.
(19) Piretanide blocks the Na+ 2Cl- K+ cotransporter protein in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of Henle reversibly.
(20) Dioptric aniseikonia was calculated between 1 month and 24 months after surgery (with Gruber's and Huber's computer program) on the basis of most recently obtained values (bulb axis length, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, necessary refraction), and compared with subjective measurements taken with the phase difference haploscope.