(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Thorough
Definition:
(prep.) Through.
(a.) Passing through; as, thorough lights in a house.
(a.) Passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as, a thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a thorough poet.
(adv.) Thoroughly.
(adv.) Through.
(n.) A furrow between two ridges, to drain off the surface water.
Example Sentences:
(1) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(2) Before carrier vaccines are applied, these risks must be thoroughly evaluated case-by-case.
(3) To study these changes more thoroughly, specific monoclonal antibodies of the A and B subunits of calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) were raised, and regional alterations in the immunoreactivity of calcineurin in the rat hippocampus were investigated after a transient forebrain ischemic insult causing selective and delayed hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell damage.
(4) A careful history, a thorough physical examination, and an appropriate selection of tests will identify these patients.
(5) Thorough clinical investigation of the patient revealed sarcoid involvement of the skin, lungs, liver and lymph nodes and an extensive retroperitoneal surgically-verified lymph tumour.
(6) Sift the cocoa powder over the top and lightly but thoroughly fold it in with the metal spoon.
(7) A thorough nursing assessment is essential to detect and correct drug misuse and to diagnose drug abuse.
(8) Fetal activity throughout pregnancy has been thoroughly studied.
(9) A high index of suspicion of bilateral tumors and a thorough work-up resulted in the early diagnosis of small tumors.
(10) Results indicate that laryngeal paralysis following severe trauma can be a very early sign of aortic injury and requires prompt and thorough investigation.
(11) A thorough dental prophylaxis before acid-etching of enamel is often recommended.
(12) A thorough family history and an extensive investigation of bleedings in the neonatal period should make early diagnosis possible.
(13) The diagnosis in all patients was made on the base of a thorough clinical examination, the results from the electrocardiography and the selective coronarography.
(14) Xu, the ABP chairman, disputed any claims of impropriety, and said his company went through a “robust and thorough” tender process.
(15) Thorough knowledge of the modes of ventilatory support and criteria for weaning are essential for the critical care nurse to anticipate patient needs.
(16) Similarities and differences in the sensitization induced by cocaine and amphetamine (which are though to have different mechanisms of actions although common behavioral outcomes) have not been thoroughly studied.
(17) It is advisable to examine horses thoroughly during training and to use the results of training for the evaluation of their condition before difficult races.
(18) The requirement for technical reliability of the implantable device for patient safety requires a thorough understanding of all technical and medical details of the therapeutic device.
(19) If LTP is to be effective, thorough coagulation with tender blanching effects is mandatory.
(20) A thorough review of the literature concerning the Frey syndrome is reported.