(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Unapparent
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) We report three cases of clinically unapparent syringoma found incidentally on horizontal frozen tissue sections from patients undergoing Mohs micrographic excision of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
(2) The increase may be due to swelling of the cell in the subplasmalemmal space or may be mediated through structurally unapparent alterations in the cytoskeleton.
(3) These normally unapparent mechanisms become accessible to investigations in a number of pathological dysregulations.
(4) The occurrence of clinically unapparent or atypically exposed myocardial ischemia, as well as discrepancies in effort angina, provide evidence that the release of a nociceptive stimulus does not guarantee pain perception of the same proportion.
(5) (3) The resulting forms of the oedipal complex and the castration complex, whether man or woman, imply a visible or unapparent violence with regard to the original 'call' of desire.
(6) The relationship of this partial immunity to the epidemiology and chemotherapy of the disease in endemic areas is of importance, in that these infections in semi-immune persons provide a continuing and unapparent source of reinfection of the community.
(7) Among 82 persons who were passively immunized too late or not at all, 20 fell clinically ill with hepatitis A and 3 were unapparently infected.
(8) ERG appears to be an useful investigation for ill-defined, congenital and unapparent form of disease, in affected families.
(9) Unapparent hyperprolactinemia appears infrequent in normoprolactinemic patients.
(10) Moreover, they emphasize the frequency and clinical importance of cases with unapparent symptomatology and demonstrate that extrinsic eye movement is a very important factor for prognostic evaluation.
(11) Pulse oximetry improves patient safety through the detection of clinically unapparent episodes of desaturation and can allow a reduction in the number of blood gas analyses utilized without adverse effects to the patient.
(12) At first mammography, 67 cancers were detected, 37% of which were clinically unapparent, 62.3% staged T1A, and 52% N--.
(13) To demonstrate the utility of pulse oximetry in detecting clinically unapparent episodes of arterial desaturation in postoperative cardiac surgical patients and to evaluate the effect of pulse oximetry on ordering arterial blood gas analyses.
(14) Diagnostic quadrantectomy is suggested for clinically unapparent lesions showing a radiologic pattern which has a high probability of finding a cancer or preneoplastic lesion (severe epitheliosis).
(15) Among 147 persons examined, 20 clinical cases of hepatitis A were diagnosed (9 adults, 11 children), 5 more children were unapparently infected.
(16) Radiography shows advanced osteoarticular remodelling but the subtle lesions are often unapparent.
(17) The putative agents that initiate atherosclerosis might include ubiquitous viruses that produce clinically unapparent infections in many animal species.
(18) The high proportion of clinically unapparent hepatitis affections and HBs carriers favors the endemic spread of hepatitis B in dialysis wards.
(19) The quite clinical appearance may make its infectious etiology unapparent.
(20) The ratio of apparent to unapparent disease was nine to four.