(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Vertex
Definition:
(n.) A turning point; the principal or highest point; top; summit; crown; apex.
(n.) The top, or crown, of the head.
(n.) The zenith, or the point of the heavens directly overhead.
(n.) The point in any figure opposite to, and farthest from, the base; the terminating point of some particular line or lines in a figure or a curve; the top, or the point opposite the base.
Example Sentences:
(1) CNV1 was recorded at the vertex while CNV3 was recorded at multiple electrode sites to assess topographical differences.
(2) Preceding or during movement, maximum ERD was observed in most cases in central-vertex regions.
(3) Brain stem electric responses, recorded with external electrodes on vertex and ear lobes, are excellent for audiometry of young children.
(4) Umbilical blood-gas status at elective cesarean section with oxygen inhalation for breech presentation (25 cases) was compared with that for vertex presentation (25 cases), so as to confirm the security of full-term breech fetuses delivered by cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
(5) An evoked brain response can also be elicited simultaneously from the vertex response is affected to the same degree by several different aspects of visual stimuli as is the corresponding occipital response.
(6) N1 and P2 to the last preceding frequent stimulus, the rare (attended target) stimulus, and the following two frequent stimuli were evaluated using 6 reference-independent measures: latency (time of maximal potential range between any two locations), amplitude of maximal potential range, global field power, vertex (Cz) current source density, location of extreme potential, and location of potential centroid.
(7) AEPs were recorded to an "oddball" paradigm from vertex and left and right temporal electrodes.
(8) The MRBPs had earlier onsets during the first runs of skill acquisition than during later training sessions; they occurred earlier when they preceded a stimulus train than when they preceded a single stimulus; the onset was earlier over the vertex than over the premotor area.
(9) In addition, careful parametric baseline studies were performed in each cat to strengthen the evidentiary linkage between wave A as recorded from the vertex in these experiments and previous studies describing the origin and trajectory of wave A in the brainstem reticular formation and several regions of thalamus, including the intralaminar nuclei.
(10) Responses were recorded between needle electrodes placed on the vertex and the ipsilateral ear, with ground at the interorbital line.
(11) A model of sleep phasic events such as vertex waves, K complexes, delta waves and sleep spindles is proposed.
(12) The enhancement results have been confirmed for central brain vertex stimulation using the Sheffield magnet.
(13) Anodal stimulation at the vertex produced complex corticospinal volleys that could be recorded at both sites, with multiple waves analogous to the D and I waves documented in animal experiments.
(14) N140 and P190 (the "vertex potentials") are probably generated bilaterally in the frontal lobes, including orbito-frontal, lateral and mesial (supplementary motor area) cortex.
(15) An otherwise healthy five-year-old girl presented for evaluation of a large patch of erythematous scaling alopecia on the vertex of her scalp.
(16) Oxygen extraction in the breech (Mean: 49.0%) was higher than that in the vertex (32.9%).
(17) As it is quite unlikely that P3 generating sources are strongly active during the processing of the frequent stimulus, this effect is possibly due to a component overlap from the vertex potential.
(18) The frequency of congenital anomaly was also studied in 8,863 infants delivered by breech and vertex presentation.
(19) Carbon particles entering the subarachnoid space over the vertex of the cerebral hemispheres drained along selected paravascular and subfrontal pathways in the subarachnoid space to the cribriform plate and thence into nasal lymphatics and cervical lymph nodes.
(20) As it was not possible to collect sufficient material for valid conclusions on a series of patients with similar uterine activity, fetal size, uterine volume, cervical resistance, and lower uterine segment development; only women in normal labor without disproportion and delivered of infants in the occipitoanterior vertex presentation were included in the study.