(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Vitreous
Definition:
(a.) Consisting of, or resembling, glass; glassy; as, vitreous rocks.
(a.) Of or pertaining to glass; derived from glass; as, vitreous electricity.
Example Sentences:
(1) Histologic examination of the anterior and posterior chambers and the vitreous led to a diagnosis of endophthalmitis caused by Coccidioides immitis infection.
(2) The distribution of polyanionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the developing mouse vitreous was studied histologically by P.A.S.
(3) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(4) The advantages of the incision through the pars plana ciliaris are (1) easier approach to the vitreous cavity, (2) preservation of the crystalline lens and an intact iris, and (3) circumvention of the corneal and chamber angle complications sometimes associated with the transcorneal approach.
(5) That is cystoid macular edema is associated with incomplete PVD with vitreous contraction.
(6) Chemically isolated separate preparations of the non-aggregating protein-chondroitin-keratin sulphate (PCKS) fraction from the hyaline cartilage and hyaluronic acid (HUA) of the vitreous body and of the umbilicus were investigated by electron microscopy.
(7) The eye is of the closed vesicle type and is composed of retina, cornea, vitreous body, lens and optic nerve.
(8) In proliferative retinopathy, the mid-vitreous fluorophotometry readings were abnormally increased, correlating well with the extent of the peripheral angiographic changes (neovascularization).
(9) Because they prevent secondary capsular opacification and anterior vitreous propagation, it appears that such barrier-type implants should be systematically placed.
(10) The mean in the newborn-to-6-month-old group was 47.59 D; in the 12-18-month-old group it had decreased to 45.56 D. The cornea appears to stabilize at about 54 months, with an average reading of 42.69 D. Evaluation of 11 eyes diagnosed as having persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous revealed that eyes with this diagnosis generally have steeper corneas than normal eyes at any given age.
(11) The cortical vitreous of the normal (control) eye appeared to be a lamellar structure composed of sheets of collagen mesh.
(12) Four of 15 retinas unable to be attached by scleral buckling were reattached after the addition of a single vitreous operation.
(13) A case is presented of a Medallion intraocular lens that dislocated posteriorly into the vitreous cavity.
(14) We evaluated the efficacy of microspheres of biodegradable polymers as a slow releasing drug delivery system in the vitreous body.
(15) The concentrations are different in the various tissues and show a relationship to the distance from cornea to vitreous.
(16) Active transport of fluorescein across the blood-retinal barrier in the direction of vitreous to blood does not seem to be significant within the first 2 hr after fluorescein injection.
(17) This study was undertaken to determine if extracapsular lens extraction enhances the ability of common bacteria to infect the anterior segment of the eye and if the posterior lens capsule acts as a protective barrier denying the infectious process access to the vitreous body.
(18) After WGA-HRP injection into the vitreous cavity of one eye, terminal labeling was seen in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei, pretectum and superficial layer of the superior colliculus.
(19) Experiences with surgical treatment of chronic endogenous uveitis in human patients have shown that vision-impairing axial opacities in the vitreous body can be removed by pars plana vitrectomy, and that a considerable decrease in the frequency and severity of uveitic relapses results.
(20) Ocular injuries were observed in 7 of the 10 cases and when present always included retinal, vitreous, and subdural optic nerve hemorrhages.