(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Volume
Definition:
(n.) A roll; a scroll; a written document rolled up for keeping or for use, after the manner of the ancients.
(n.) Hence, a collection of printed sheets bound together, whether containing a single work, or a part of a work, or more than one work; a book; a tome; especially, that part of an extended work which is bound up together in one cover; as, a work in four volumes.
(n.) Anything of a rounded or swelling form resembling a roll; a turn; a convolution; a coil.
(n.) Dimensions; compass; space occupied, as measured by cubic units, that is, cubic inches, feet, yards, etc.; mass; bulk; as, the volume of an elephant's body; a volume of gas.
(n.) Amount, fullness, quantity, or caliber of voice or tone.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(3) Models able to describe the events of cellular growth and division and the dynamics of cell populations are useful for the understanding of functional control mechanisms and for the theoretical support for automated analysis of flow cytometric data and of cell volume distributions.
(4) It was found that linear extrapolations of log k' versus ET(30) plots to the polarity of unmodified aqueous mobile phase gave a more reliable value of log k'w than linear regressions of log k' versus volume percent.
(5) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(6) Multiple overlapping thin 3D slab acquisition is presented as a magnitude contrast (time of flight) technique which combines advantages from multiple thin slice 2D and direct 3D volume acquisitions to obtain high-resolution cross-sectional images of vessel detail.
(7) By 24 hr, rough endoplasmic reticulum in thecal cells increased from 4.2 to 7% of cell volume, while the amount in granulosa cells increased from less than 3.5% to more than 10%; the quantity remained relatively constant in the theca but declined to prestimulation values in the granulosa layer.
(8) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(9) No associations were found between sex, body-weight, smoking habits, age, urine volume or urine pH and the O-demethylation of codeine.
(10) At the same time the duodenum can be isolated from the stomach and maintained under constant stimulus by a continual infusion at regulated pressure, volume and temperature into the distal cannula.
(11) In the present study, respirometric quotients, the ratio of oral air volume expended to total volume expended, were obtained using separate but simultaneous productions of oral and nasal airflow.
(12) In the stage 24 chick embryo, a paced increase in heart rate reduces stroke volume, presumably by rate-dependent decrease in passive filling.
(13) It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane.
(14) In 3 cases the volume changes in the sinus were measured.
(15) In the cannulated group, significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in the area under the elimination curve (AUC), the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) and the mean residence time (MRT) were observed.
(16) Plasma fibrinogen decreased by approximately 7% due to hemodilution caused by plasma volume expansion.
(17) It reduced serum AP levels, increased serum Ca levels, increased bone ash weight, epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone volume, with a concomitant reduction in epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone marrow volume.
(18) Doppler sample volume was extended to about 1.2 X 1.6 X 4.0 mm.
(19) The addition of a cerebral blood volume (CBV) compartment in the [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) model produces estimates of local CBV simultaneously with glucose metabolic rates when kinetic FDG studies are performed.
(20) Sonographic images of the gallbladder enable satisfactory approximation of gallbladder volume using the sum-of-cylinders method.