(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Wane
Definition:
(v. i.) To be diminished; to decrease; -- contrasted with wax, and especially applied to the illuminated part of the moon.
(v. i.) To decline; to fail; to sink.
(v. t.) To cause to decrease.
(n.) The decrease of the illuminated part of the moon to the eye of a spectator.
(1) These were not observed in area 5, although here the distribution of callosal neurons waxed and waned in the tangential cortical plane.
(2) Follow-up results from 10 controlled trials are consistent with waning of BCG protective efficacy with time since vaccination.
(3) Pharmacists are criticized for a failing sense of mission and a waning dependence on knowledge.
(4) The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic shows no sign of waning.
(5) Ferguson’s influence at Old Trafford has clearly waned since the Moyes appointment but, notably, there is no admission on his part that he chose the wrong man, insisting that the club followed a rigorous and methodical selection process.
(6) The wane in US power over the country it invaded eight years ago, coupled with a return to political prominence for Sadrists, seems to have been enough to lure Sadr back to Najaf, which he fled in 2004 after it was surrounded by US troops.
(7) Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide caused a delay in the development and waning of reactivity.
(8) Since then of course his popularity has waned, his net satisfaction rating is now negative.” The latest Newspoll has Labor ahead by two percentage points in two-party preferred terms (49% to 51%).
(9) It is suggested that the response of prenatally stimulated animals had waned before birth.
(10) After rising employment has failed to lift output as far as hoped, this reflects waning hopes about the potential of the UK economy once restored to full pelt.
(11) IL-2 production in soluble egg Ag-stimulated spleen cells of mice was detectable at 6, peaked at 8 and waned by 20 wk of the infection.
(12) High concentrations of cobratoxin depressed indirect twitches and endplate potentials (e.p.ps) without inducing waning of contractilities or run-down of trains of e.p.ps evoked at 10-100 Hz.
(13) The level of antigranulocyte antibody in the serum often begins to wane prior to improvement in the ANC and can give an indication of when recovery will begin to occur.
(14) We have already seen in this World Cup that European powers are on the wane.
(15) The effect began to appear in about 20 min after administration, the peak effect was attained in 120 min and later on this waned off completely by 24 h. The effect was similar in young (15 days) and in adult (70 days) rats.
(16) It is provisionally suggested that enhancement of the perseveration represents an innate response to stressful stimuli, but as animals learn mastery over the response contingencies, the persistence in adopting such a response strategy wanes.
(17) The placebo effect gradually waned, but the response to the active combination was maintained for the duration of the study.
(18) Other evidence is provided by the waning and waxing of gastritis, which has been correlated in several studies with clearance followed by recrudescence of the organisms.
(19) Yet Spurs' interest in Van Gaal has not waned even in light of Sherwood's impressive impact in his first senior management role.
(20) There have been suggestions in recent weeks that the US support for the Syrian non-extremist opposition is waning, and the US has reluctantly concluded that unwavering Russian support for Assad means the only way to oust Isis is by making cause with Russia and Assad.