What's the difference between synergism and synergist?
Synergism
Definition:
(n.) The doctrine or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in the regeneration of a human soul there is a cooperation, or joint agency, on the part both of God and of man.
Example Sentences:
(1) Together these results suggest that IVC may operate as a selective activator of calpain both in the cytosol and at the membrane level; in the latter case in synergism with the activation induced by association of the proteinase to the cell membrane.
(2) The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to study vascular effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia (HPT) and the synergism of these modalities.
(3) The extract reversed the synergism seen between vancomycin and gentamicin in the 5 strains tested in time-kill studies.
(4) Therefore, it appears that although IFN-alpha and IFN-beta are not responsible for the synergizing activity present in activated T cell supernatants, they nonetheless represent a previously unrecognized source of synergizing activity.
(5) Transfer of BM alone had no restorative effect within 10 days and no synergism was seen when both BM and MLNC were transferred.
(6) Arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin, and angiotensin II all appeared to be more potent in day 4 than in day 0 cells in the perifusion system, and the synergism of AVP with ovine CRF was also increased.
(7) In addition, the possible synergic effect of both agents was studied in relation to the plasma concentration.
(8) Sedative interaction between midazolam and morphine was found to have a tendency for synergism (interaction coefficient of 1.56, P greater than 0.05) with decreased individual variability in the sedative response to the combination.
(9) The extent of the synergism between MSG and the nucleotides was much larger than that observed in any other animal examined except for humans.
(10) We report here that human IL-6 and IL-3 act synergistically in support of the proliferation of progenitors for human blast cell colonies and that IL-1 alpha reveals no synergism with IL-3 when tested against purified human marrow progenitors.
(11) A similar synergism occurred between vanadate and IGF-II.
(12) The results evidence synergism of the substances responsible for a considerable increase in toxicity.
(13) This synergism is inhibited by indomethacin, and the prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha mimic the effect of NA.
(14) The role and synergism of different types of 1,3-beta-glucanases in microbial cell wall lysis and the potential application for isolation of intracellular materials like proteins, carbohydrates, enzymes and as an analytical tool are discussed in the light of current knowledge.
(15) These results suggest that CD58 and CD59 molecules present on the surface of accessory cells might exert synergic function in T cell adhesive interactions and in the stimulation of T cell activation.
(16) When added in combination the two activators showed a strong synergism: BLT-esterase levels were up to three times higher than the sum of the levels due to dibutyryl cAMP and IL-1 added separately.
(17) Synergism between TGF-beta 1 and TNF was also observed in inhibition of growth of U-937 and ML-1 cells.
(18) Simultaneous addition of vasopressin or cyclic AMP (+ theophylline) and NTCB resulted in marked synergism, presumably as a result of unmasking of SH groups by the the hormone (or the intermediate).
(19) Although, however, the combination of these two factors showed synergic effects on catalysis of ascorbate oxidation, the radical intensity significantly decreased.
(20) P and PRL synergized in stimulating growth 3- to 17-fold.
Synergist
Definition:
(n.) One who holds the doctrine of synergism.
(n.) A remedy which has an action similar to that of another remedy, and hence increases the efficiency of that remedy when combined with it.
Example Sentences:
(1) The reproducibility of the killing-curve method suggests that at least two different concentrations should be used and that a decrease in viable counts below 2 log10 after 24 hours does not exclude a synergistic action.
(2) For the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha a synergistic effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was observed.
(3) Combined hypertension treatment with inhibitors of the converting enzyme (ICE) and diuretocs gives manifold advantages, the most important of them is a synergistic action of both drugs resulting in blood pressure decrease and prevention of hypokaliaemia.
(4) Using the MTT assay and analyzing the data using the median-effect principle, we showed that synergistic cytotoxic interactions exist between CDDP and VM in their liposomal form.
(5) However, the Con A-sup stimulates synergistically M-1 cells with DF.
(6) Simultaneous exposure of the cells to low concentrations of hmdUrd and to high concentrations of the free pyrimidine 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmUrd), which had no effect alone, had a strong synergistic effect on the induction of SCEs.
(7) The results of these studies indicate that ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors effectively block the growth of human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells and that combinations of inhibitors directed at the individual subunits of reductase result in synergistic inhibition of HT-29 cell growth in culture.
(8) Investigation of the mechanism of action of the synergistic effect between kanamycin and HA led to the tentative conclusion that potentiation was mediated through an initial alteration of cell permeability by the aminoglycoside antibiotic which permitted accumulation of each of the six HA into the cell, at which point each interacted with pyridoxal phosphate.
(9) Used in concert, insulin with EGF and insulin with FGF acted synergistically in stimulating DNA synthesis 20-fold and 40-fold, respectively.
(10) Proliferation of human leukemia cells, HL60, was synergistically inhibited by a combination of human interferons and azidothymidine in vitro.
(11) Protons and divalent cations show synergistic effects on the destabilization of liposomes composed of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid (Düzgünes et al., Biochemistry (1985) 24, 3091).
(12) The results indicate that combinations of TNF and IFN-gamma act synergistically in the induction of differentiation of human myeloblastic ML-1 cells.
(13) Apparently, TNF works synergistically with other mediators whose release is stimulated by endotoxin.
(14) There was no synergistic enhancement of acute toxic action in the combined administration of TC and OM to mice.
(15) Study I findings did not provide support for synergistic mechanisms; nonorthogonal analysis of variance showed interaction effects (CRT x IT) restricted to tactile-perceptual speed.
(16) At clinically achievable concentrations, the combination of nafcillin plus gentamicin produced enhanced killing against 13 of 14 strains of enterococci and was synergistic (by very rigid criteria) against 10 of 14 strains.
(17) In addition, a synergistic effect of a combination of testosterone and ESF on erythroid colony formation was seen when ESF was present at high concentrations.
(18) Thus, a complementary or synergistic effect is the result of the immunosuppressive regimen of splenectomy and CsA in hamster-to-rat cardiac xenografts.
(19) Veratridine and the sea anemone toxin on one hand as well as veratridine and the scorpion toxin on the other hand are synergistic in their action to stabilize an open and highly permeable form of the sodium channel.
(20) Despite the inhibitory effect of IFN-beta on the IFN-gamma-induced stimulation of TNF receptor expression, IFN-beta did not inhibit the synergistic enhancement of TNF cytotoxicity by IFN-gamma in HT-29 cells.