What's the difference between synergism and synergy?

Synergism


Definition:

  • (n.) The doctrine or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in the regeneration of a human soul there is a cooperation, or joint agency, on the part both of God and of man.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Together these results suggest that IVC may operate as a selective activator of calpain both in the cytosol and at the membrane level; in the latter case in synergism with the activation induced by association of the proteinase to the cell membrane.
  • (2) The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to study vascular effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia (HPT) and the synergism of these modalities.
  • (3) The extract reversed the synergism seen between vancomycin and gentamicin in the 5 strains tested in time-kill studies.
  • (4) Therefore, it appears that although IFN-alpha and IFN-beta are not responsible for the synergizing activity present in activated T cell supernatants, they nonetheless represent a previously unrecognized source of synergizing activity.
  • (5) Transfer of BM alone had no restorative effect within 10 days and no synergism was seen when both BM and MLNC were transferred.
  • (6) Arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin, and angiotensin II all appeared to be more potent in day 4 than in day 0 cells in the perifusion system, and the synergism of AVP with ovine CRF was also increased.
  • (7) In addition, the possible synergic effect of both agents was studied in relation to the plasma concentration.
  • (8) Sedative interaction between midazolam and morphine was found to have a tendency for synergism (interaction coefficient of 1.56, P greater than 0.05) with decreased individual variability in the sedative response to the combination.
  • (9) The extent of the synergism between MSG and the nucleotides was much larger than that observed in any other animal examined except for humans.
  • (10) We report here that human IL-6 and IL-3 act synergistically in support of the proliferation of progenitors for human blast cell colonies and that IL-1 alpha reveals no synergism with IL-3 when tested against purified human marrow progenitors.
  • (11) A similar synergism occurred between vanadate and IGF-II.
  • (12) The results evidence synergism of the substances responsible for a considerable increase in toxicity.
  • (13) This synergism is inhibited by indomethacin, and the prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha mimic the effect of NA.
  • (14) The role and synergism of different types of 1,3-beta-glucanases in microbial cell wall lysis and the potential application for isolation of intracellular materials like proteins, carbohydrates, enzymes and as an analytical tool are discussed in the light of current knowledge.
  • (15) These results suggest that CD58 and CD59 molecules present on the surface of accessory cells might exert synergic function in T cell adhesive interactions and in the stimulation of T cell activation.
  • (16) When added in combination the two activators showed a strong synergism: BLT-esterase levels were up to three times higher than the sum of the levels due to dibutyryl cAMP and IL-1 added separately.
  • (17) Synergism between TGF-beta 1 and TNF was also observed in inhibition of growth of U-937 and ML-1 cells.
  • (18) Simultaneous addition of vasopressin or cyclic AMP (+ theophylline) and NTCB resulted in marked synergism, presumably as a result of unmasking of SH groups by the the hormone (or the intermediate).
  • (19) Although, however, the combination of these two factors showed synergic effects on catalysis of ascorbate oxidation, the radical intensity significantly decreased.
  • (20) P and PRL synergized in stimulating growth 3- to 17-fold.

Synergy


Definition:

  • (n.) Combined action
  • (n.) the combined healthy action of every organ of a particular system; as, the digestive synergy.
  • (n.) An effect of the interaction of the actions of two agents such that the result of the combined action is greater than expected as a simple additive combination of the two agents acting separately. Also synergism.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) PALA, used to potentiate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been shown to have synergy in vivo and in vitro.
  • (2) No significant correlation was seen between the results of the synergy test and the results of the susceptibility test to netilmicin.
  • (3) Of interest here is the "synergy" in patterns of program adoption between employee assistance programs (EAPs) and health promotion activities (HPAs).
  • (4) In contrast, no synergy was observed when HL60 cells were treated with TGF-beta in various combinations with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and retinoic acid.
  • (5) Although such infections are not a major problem in numerical terms, the variable response of patients to treatment means that conventional sensitivity testing is of little assistance, and it is necessary to seek evidence of synergy in drug combinations for the effective treatment of these infections.
  • (6) "But the fact is when we looked at it although there were strong synergies it would have had to provide real value because it doesn't allow us to diversify [beyond our existing dependence on advertising]."
  • (7) Synergy of TOB with CET could be demonstrated against 83% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 78% of E. coli, 44% of Proteus rettgeri and 39% of Proteus inconstans.
  • (8) In contrast, the combinations of P40 and antiviral drugs did not result in a cumulative effect but in significant synergy of the effects of each component of the treatments.
  • (9) Synergy of CGP 31608 and gentamicin was found against 90% P. aeruginosa, 60% Enterobacter cloacae, and 50% Serratia marcescens strains.
  • (10) The synergy between penicillin, clindamycin or metronidazole and gentamicin in Gram-positive anaerobic and facultative organisms may have clinical implications.
  • (11) The Caggins Synergy Nursing Model (CSNM) is a conceptual framework which was developed by the author during her doctoral coursework at Texas Woman's University-Houston.
  • (12) The lowest FIC values were obtained with a ratio of 1:1 and the greatest synergy was observed at this ratio with 39 strains (78%).
  • (13) "We are two standalone papers with similar audiences who might want to explore synergies," is all that Kelner will say.
  • (14) In summary, GRF at doses ranging from 1.1 to 10.0 micrograms.kg-1 and TRF at doses ranging from 1.1 to 3.3 micrograms.kg-1 act in synergy on GH release and do not interact on Prl, TSH, T3 and T4 concentrations in dairy cows.
  • (15) Attention is also focused on synergies deriving from the collaboration between doctors (dentists and non-dentists), teachers, parents and public officials.
  • (16) It is proposed that muscles are controlled using a modified synergy strategy.
  • (17) In an examination of 21 strains of faecal streptococcus exposed to penicillin and gentamicin the bactericidal synergy observed was smoothly variable, a finding with a bearing on the management of infections with this organism, in that the recognition of strains showing an intermediate degree of synergy is possible.
  • (18) Bacterial synergy is important to consider when selecting antibiotic therapy, since beta-lactamase production may protect pathogens commonly considered susceptible to standard antibiotic therapy.
  • (19) In vitro antiviral activity and clinical evidence of possible synergy with other antiretrovirals suggests that continued investigation of alpha-interferon in treatment of AIDS-related malignancies is a priority for the second decade of challenging AIDS.
  • (20) Synergy was commonly observed when the sulphones were combined with ampicillin or amoxicillin, generally reducing the drug minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) fourfold to eightfold (synergy rates 85-91%).