(1) The reproducibility of the killing-curve method suggests that at least two different concentrations should be used and that a decrease in viable counts below 2 log10 after 24 hours does not exclude a synergistic action.
(2) For the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha a synergistic effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was observed.
(3) Combined hypertension treatment with inhibitors of the converting enzyme (ICE) and diuretocs gives manifold advantages, the most important of them is a synergistic action of both drugs resulting in blood pressure decrease and prevention of hypokaliaemia.
(4) Using the MTT assay and analyzing the data using the median-effect principle, we showed that synergistic cytotoxic interactions exist between CDDP and VM in their liposomal form.
(5) However, the Con A-sup stimulates synergistically M-1 cells with DF.
(6) Simultaneous exposure of the cells to low concentrations of hmdUrd and to high concentrations of the free pyrimidine 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmUrd), which had no effect alone, had a strong synergistic effect on the induction of SCEs.
(7) The results of these studies indicate that ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors effectively block the growth of human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells and that combinations of inhibitors directed at the individual subunits of reductase result in synergistic inhibition of HT-29 cell growth in culture.
(8) Investigation of the mechanism of action of the synergistic effect between kanamycin and HA led to the tentative conclusion that potentiation was mediated through an initial alteration of cell permeability by the aminoglycoside antibiotic which permitted accumulation of each of the six HA into the cell, at which point each interacted with pyridoxal phosphate.
(9) Used in concert, insulin with EGF and insulin with FGF acted synergistically in stimulating DNA synthesis 20-fold and 40-fold, respectively.
(10) Proliferation of human leukemia cells, HL60, was synergistically inhibited by a combination of human interferons and azidothymidine in vitro.
(11) Protons and divalent cations show synergistic effects on the destabilization of liposomes composed of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid (Düzgünes et al., Biochemistry (1985) 24, 3091).
(12) The results indicate that combinations of TNF and IFN-gamma act synergistically in the induction of differentiation of human myeloblastic ML-1 cells.
(13) Apparently, TNF works synergistically with other mediators whose release is stimulated by endotoxin.
(14) There was no synergistic enhancement of acute toxic action in the combined administration of TC and OM to mice.
(15) Study I findings did not provide support for synergistic mechanisms; nonorthogonal analysis of variance showed interaction effects (CRT x IT) restricted to tactile-perceptual speed.
(16) At clinically achievable concentrations, the combination of nafcillin plus gentamicin produced enhanced killing against 13 of 14 strains of enterococci and was synergistic (by very rigid criteria) against 10 of 14 strains.
(17) In addition, a synergistic effect of a combination of testosterone and ESF on erythroid colony formation was seen when ESF was present at high concentrations.
(18) Thus, a complementary or synergistic effect is the result of the immunosuppressive regimen of splenectomy and CsA in hamster-to-rat cardiac xenografts.
(19) Veratridine and the sea anemone toxin on one hand as well as veratridine and the scorpion toxin on the other hand are synergistic in their action to stabilize an open and highly permeable form of the sodium channel.
(20) Despite the inhibitory effect of IFN-beta on the IFN-gamma-induced stimulation of TNF receptor expression, IFN-beta did not inhibit the synergistic enhancement of TNF cytotoxicity by IFN-gamma in HT-29 cells.
Synergy
Definition:
(n.) Combined action
(n.) the combined healthy action of every organ of a particular system; as, the digestive synergy.
(n.) An effect of the interaction of the actions of two agents such that the result of the combined action is greater than expected as a simple additive combination of the two agents acting separately. Also synergism.
Example Sentences:
(1) PALA, used to potentiate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been shown to have synergy in vivo and in vitro.
(2) No significant correlation was seen between the results of the synergy test and the results of the susceptibility test to netilmicin.
(3) Of interest here is the "synergy" in patterns of program adoption between employee assistance programs (EAPs) and health promotion activities (HPAs).
(4) In contrast, no synergy was observed when HL60 cells were treated with TGF-beta in various combinations with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and retinoic acid.
(5) Although such infections are not a major problem in numerical terms, the variable response of patients to treatment means that conventional sensitivity testing is of little assistance, and it is necessary to seek evidence of synergy in drug combinations for the effective treatment of these infections.
(6) "But the fact is when we looked at it although there were strong synergies it would have had to provide real value because it doesn't allow us to diversify [beyond our existing dependence on advertising]."
(7) Synergy of TOB with CET could be demonstrated against 83% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 78% of E. coli, 44% of Proteus rettgeri and 39% of Proteus inconstans.
(8) In contrast, the combinations of P40 and antiviral drugs did not result in a cumulative effect but in significant synergy of the effects of each component of the treatments.
(9) Synergy of CGP 31608 and gentamicin was found against 90% P. aeruginosa, 60% Enterobacter cloacae, and 50% Serratia marcescens strains.
(10) The synergy between penicillin, clindamycin or metronidazole and gentamicin in Gram-positive anaerobic and facultative organisms may have clinical implications.
(11) The Caggins Synergy Nursing Model (CSNM) is a conceptual framework which was developed by the author during her doctoral coursework at Texas Woman's University-Houston.
(12) The lowest FIC values were obtained with a ratio of 1:1 and the greatest synergy was observed at this ratio with 39 strains (78%).
(13) "We are two standalone papers with similar audiences who might want to explore synergies," is all that Kelner will say.
(14) In summary, GRF at doses ranging from 1.1 to 10.0 micrograms.kg-1 and TRF at doses ranging from 1.1 to 3.3 micrograms.kg-1 act in synergy on GH release and do not interact on Prl, TSH, T3 and T4 concentrations in dairy cows.
(15) Attention is also focused on synergies deriving from the collaboration between doctors (dentists and non-dentists), teachers, parents and public officials.
(16) It is proposed that muscles are controlled using a modified synergy strategy.
(17) In an examination of 21 strains of faecal streptococcus exposed to penicillin and gentamicin the bactericidal synergy observed was smoothly variable, a finding with a bearing on the management of infections with this organism, in that the recognition of strains showing an intermediate degree of synergy is possible.
(18) Bacterial synergy is important to consider when selecting antibiotic therapy, since beta-lactamase production may protect pathogens commonly considered susceptible to standard antibiotic therapy.
(19) In vitro antiviral activity and clinical evidence of possible synergy with other antiretrovirals suggests that continued investigation of alpha-interferon in treatment of AIDS-related malignancies is a priority for the second decade of challenging AIDS.
(20) Synergy was commonly observed when the sulphones were combined with ampicillin or amoxicillin, generally reducing the drug minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) fourfold to eightfold (synergy rates 85-91%).