What's the difference between taurine and taurocholic?
Taurine
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the genus Taurus, or cattle.
(n.) A body occurring in small quantity in the juices of muscle, in the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the bile, where it is found as a component part of taurocholic acid, from which it can be prepared by decomposition of the acid. It crystallizes in colorless, regular six-sided prisms, and is especially characterized by containing both nitrogen and sulphur, being chemically amido-isethionic acid, C2H7NSO3.
Example Sentences:
(1) Additionally, cats excreted the taurine conjugate of hydratropic acid.
(2) After size fractionation on a sucrose density gradient, poly(A)+ RNA encoding for the MDCK taurine transporter was found in the fraction whose average size was 4.4 kilobases.
(3) This suggests a possible depressant effect of both GABA and taurine at superficial cortical layers.
(4) Other amino acids (glutamine, taurine, asparagine, alanine, serine) were only altered in single brain regions, or were not altered at all (aspartate, glycine, threonine, arginine).
(5) These results are discussed in connection with the cellular localization of taurine in the central nervous system.
(6) The effect of taurine on blastocyst formation appeared to be restricted mostly to the period 20-48 h after fertilization, during which time mouse embryos are at the two-cell stage.
(7) Since taurine does not form a chelate complex with calcium ion, this activation may be due to an action of taurine in the presence of calcium through competition with these ions on the membrane.
(8) As there is evidence for the relative inability of infants to synthesize taurine, this nitrogen compound has to be wholly supplied by the mother during pregnancy and by diet after birth, particularly for the prematures who have to constitute appreciable reserves in their tissues.
(9) We have investigated whether taurine is stored in multiple subcellular compartments and whether taurine is released from a distinct pool.
(10) It is well known that taurine stimulates ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake at low calcium ion concentrations.
(11) The distribution of the labels of [35S]taurine, [3H]lysine, [14C]glutamate and [14C]norleucine in mouse brain subcellular fractions was followed after intracerebral injection in vivo.
(12) The isolated perfused liver was studied to eliminate possible transfer of taurine to or from the large extrahepatic poosl present in vivo.
(13) Kinetic analysis of GABA uptake in the concentration range 0.1-10 microM revealed that the uptake occurred via a single system and that taurine was a competitive inhibitor of this system.
(14) Using a clonal growth assay, we demonstrated that taurine, a nonperturbing osmolyte accumulated in kidney medulla, brain, and some other tissues of hypertonic experimental animals can function as a nonperturbing osmolyte in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.
(15) A method is described for measuring the stable isotopic enrichment of taurine in cat urine samples by high resolution fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry, after 15N labelled taurine was given to cats for the purpose of investigating taurine metabolism.
(16) The NaCl-dependent taurine uptake was stimulated by inside-negative, K+, and H+ diffusion potentials, demonstrating the electrogenic nature of the system.
(17) Retinal taurine content was reduced by this procedure and reductions in axon density (axons per area) were found in some groups.
(18) Nutritional advantages of breast milk include 1) a low sodium to potassium ratio; 2) an appropriate fat content; 3) optimal absorption rates for each compositional factor; and 4) high taurine levels which may promote nerve cell growth.
(19) Further, the effects of taurine deficiency on amino acid concentrations of heart, liver and kidney were investigated.
(20) SP inhibition must occur by mechanisms affecting taurine release after adenylate cyclase activation, inasmuch as SP has no significant effect on beta adrenergic-stimulated increases or basal levels of intracellular cyclic AMP.
Taurocholic
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a conjugate acid (called taurocholic acid) composed of taurine and cholic acid, present abundantly in human bile and in that of carnivora. It is exceedingly deliquescent, and hence appears generally as a thick, gummy mass, easily soluble in water and alcohol. It has a bitter taste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Additional phosphatidylserine to the taurocholate system was either without effect at lower concentrations or inhibitory at higher concentrations.
(2) Stimulation of VLDL cholesterol secretion was accompanied by a reduction of taurocholic acid synthesis.
(3) Hepatic cholesterol content rose 36% with sodium taurocholate but did not change during sodium tauroursocholate administration.
(4) From the surface tension measurements the molecular areas of sodium fusidate and sodium taurocholate were calculated.
(5) The relationship between bile flow and bile salt output obtained during the administration of sodium taurocholate at stepwise-increasing rates indicated that bile salt-independent bile flow (y-intercept) was diminished by 37% in SZ-treated rats.
(6) The variation of the gastrin cells before and after cholecystectomy was negatively correlated only with the variation of taurocholic acid (r = -0.50, p = 0.05), while the variation of the parietal cells was mildly correlated with all single bile acids (r = 0.35-0.50, 0.05 less than p less than 0.02).
(7) Thus, the effect of taurocholate varies greatly depending upon the amounts of the contrast agent and the taurocholate administered.
(8) Saturation kinetics revealed a very high affinity (Km approximately 2.1 microM) of the system for taurocholate.
(9) The bile from wild red seabream was found to contain two previously unknown bile salts along with two known bile salts, taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate.
(10) In comparison with taurocholate, ileal absorption was about 10% less for cholyltyrosine and chenodeoxycholyltyrosine and about 50% less for deoxycholyltyrosine.
(11) A combination of additives, taurocholate-nucleosides-lipids, improved the maintenance of H. diminuta for periods exceeding 24 hr as determined by observational criteria and metabolic indices.
(12) Effects of sofalcone on the morphometrical glandular structure and the generative cell proliferation in the gastric mucosa of gastritis, induced in rats by the treatment of sodium taurocholate (TCA) for 3 and 6 months, were examined by means of 3H-thymidine autoradiography.
(13) In rats with diversion of the intestinal lymph from the blood, a five-fold expansion of the taurocholate pool resulted in only slight suppression of the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis, and even this inhibition was shown to be attributable to small amounts of cholesterol absorbed through collateral lymphatic vessels and (or) to a fasting effect.
(14) By use of different activators and inhibitors, TOCP(tri-o-cresyl phosphate), PCMB (parachloromercury benzoate), NiCl2, Pb(NO3)2, HgCl2, Hg(NO3)2, eserine and sodium taurocholate, it is shown that the esterase in the cyst cells and in group I cells of the guinea pig thyroid probably are A-esterase isoenzymes.
(15) The results suggest that ACAT activity in CaCo-2 cells is stimulated by cholesterol delivered to the cells by way of taurocholate micelles.
(16) The present study tested acetaminophen protection in cultured rat gastric mucous cells against sodium taurocholate-induced damage and assessed the role of endogenous prostaglandins.
(17) When exposed to a trypsin-sodium taurocholate fluid, sporozoites of I. serini excysted from 5-month-old sporocysts in vitro, but not from sporocysts stored for more than 6 months.
(18) The presence of taurocholate (1 mM) did not lead to an association of the enzyme.
(19) The aqueously dispersed phosphatidic acid-dependent activity present in rod outer segments was stimulated by Triton X-100 and taurocholate.
(20) Bile flow and bile acids decrease in bile following monensin treatment, in agreement with the disruption of the Na+ gradient determined by the ionophore and necessary for the vectorial Na+-cotransport of taurocholate at the sinusoidal pole of the hepatocyte.