(n.) Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature; low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.
(n.) Mixture; compound.
Example Sentences:
(1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(2) Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations, a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity, was assessed in Xenopus Laevis, intact or spinalized, at different temperatures and by use of pharmacological tools.
(3) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(4) These are typically runaway processes in which global temperature rises lead to further releases of CO², which in turn brings about more global warming.
(5) The high transition enthalpy for kerasin is ascribed to a lesser accommodation of gauche conformers in the hydrocarbon chains just below the transition temperature.
(6) From these data it is possible to predict theoretically the apparent temperature difference as seen by an infrared scanner or radiometer with a detector of which the spectral detectivity, D (lambda), is known.
(7) Augmentation of transformation response was generally not seen at 40 degrees C; incubation at that temperature was associated with decreased cellular viability.
(8) At the same time the duodenum can be isolated from the stomach and maintained under constant stimulus by a continual infusion at regulated pressure, volume and temperature into the distal cannula.
(9) The 40 degrees C heating induced an increase in systolic, diastolic, average and pulse pressure at rectal temperature raised to 40 degrees C. Further growth of the body temperature was accompanied by a decrease in the above parameters.
(10) When irradiated circular DNA, previously nicked by T4 endonuclease V, is briefly exposed to elevated temperature, the DAN becomes susceptible to the action of exonuclease V, and pyrimidine dimers are selectively released.
(11) Breast temperatures have been measured by the automated instrumentation called the 'Chronobra' for 16 progesterone cycles in women at normal risk for breast cancer and for 15 cycles in women at high risk for breast cancer.
(12) In order to develop a sampling strategy and a method for analyzing the circadian body temperature pattern, we monitored estimates of the temperature in four ways using rectal, oral, axillary and deep body temperature from the skin surface every hour for 72 consecutive hours in 10 normal control subjects.
(13) The temperature increased from the anterior to the posterior region on both buccal and lingual sides of both arches.
(14) The birds were maintained at a constant temperature in, dim green light.
(15) Plaque size, appearance, and number were influenced by diluent, incubation temperature after nutrient overlay, centrifugation of inoculated tissue cultures, and number of host cells planted initially in each flask.
(16) Age-specific MRs for the over-75-year age group were also not related to the winter air temperatures in the eight cities.
(17) The family history and associated anomalies were recorded and particular attention was paid to temperature gradients and neurocirculatory deficits with respect to band location.
(18) Average temperature changes observed were less than 1 degree C. The present study demonstrates that the electrically evoked response in mammalian brain can be altered by ultrasound in a non-thermal, non-cavitational mode, and that such effects are potentially reversible.
(19) The distance of nucleoid sedimentation increased as a function of exposure temperature and exposure time, and was proportional to an increased protein to DNA ratio in the nucleoids.
(20) Once the temperature rises above 28C, shoppers' behaviour changes in all kinds of ways, according to Jones.
Thermodynamics
Definition:
(n.) The science which treats of the mechanical action or relations of heat.
Example Sentences:
(1) From the previously observed results of preferential interactions for salting-out salts with proteins, it was shown that the free energy of the protein is increased by addition of the salts and this unfavorable free energy is smaller for the proteins bound to the columns because of their smaller surface area exposed to solvent; i.e., the bound form of the proteins is thermodynamically more stable.
(2) The viscosimetric and kinetic results are compared with the thermodynamic results obtained from the temperature dependence of the binding constants.
(3) The hypothesis that opiate agonism requires an N substituent in the axial position does not appear to be consistent with the increased potency of beta isomers in which axial N substituents are thermodynamically more unstable.
(4) Cleavage intensities were found to change with time in a manner that depended both on the site and on the drug, suggesting that topoisomerase II can move along the DNA from a kinetically preferred site to a thermodynamically preferred site.
(5) While the thermodynamics for (rGCGAGCG)2 and (rGCAGGCG)2 are similar, CD and the imino region of the proton NMR spectra indicate their structures are different.
(6) The complexes produced by both inhibitors are similar chemically since the thermodynamic parameters for activation to regenerate active enzyme are essentially identical.
(7) The thermodynamic activation energy of this reaction is 67.8 kcal mol-1.
(8) This is consistent with their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, since the H3O+ is often different from the Li+ in several orders of magnitude.
(9) Bounded, bulk, and perfusion-diffusion models are described in supersaturation, statistical, and thermodynamic frameworks.
(10) The effect of changes in the thermodynamic parameters on the equilibrium ensemble provides a further sensitivity check to the predictions.
(11) This is in keeping with thermodynamic principles which apply to chemical and biochemical reactions.
(12) The thermodynamics of this self-association have been evaluated by studying the temperature- and concentration-dependence of the mean residue ellipticity at 220 nm.
(13) This would allow the thermodynamic description of the role of proton translocation as that of a modificatory force of the structural parameters of proteins.
(14) The extrapolated aqueous solubility values in the absence of povidone were obtained as a function of temperature and were utilized to obtain thermodynamic parameters.
(15) Analysis of the thermodynamic parameters for the binding of 18 haptens forms the basis for proposing a model of the binding site of MOPC-104E.
(16) The relationships between thermodynamic quantities in a quaternary system of electrolytes are discussed in Appendix 2.
(17) The key assumptions are (1) that the target site is in the lower epidermis (basal layer) or in the dermis, and (2) that it is the thermodynamic activity (i.e., the free drug concentration, C*, of the active drug species) at the target site that is the true correlate of drug effectiveness.
(18) They also provide electronic and thermodynamic data that are not available from x-ray crystallographic data.
(19) Determination of the thermodynamic parameters from the calorimetric data has required the development of an analytical formalism that explicitly includes the thermodynamics as well as the kinetics of the transition.
(20) Thermodynamics of the enzyme-catalyzed (alkaline phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1) hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate, mannose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribulose 5-phosphate have been investigated using microcalorimetry and, for the hydrolysis of fructose 6-phosphate, chemical equilibrium measurements.